Predictive factors for unfavorable outcomes of tuberculous pericarditis in human immunodeficiency virus–uninfected patients in an intermediate tuberculosis burden country

BMC Infectious Diseases

Table 1 The baseline characteristics of the patients

Characteristic	Favorable (n = 43)	Unfavorable (n = 44)	P-value
Age (years)	66.5 ± 18.2	67.1 ± 15.5	.873^a
Male, n (%)	15 (34.9)	25 (56.8)	.040^b
BMI	22.8 ± 4.9	22.9 ± 3.2	.871^a
Underlying diseases, yes (%)
Solid cancer	2 (4.7)	4 (9.1)	.676^b
Hematologic malignancy	0 (0.0)	3 (6.8)	.241^b
Hypothyroidism	0 (0.0)	2 (4.5)	.504^b
Cardiovascular disease	24 (55.8)	15 (34.1)	.042^b
Old tuberculosis	6 (14.0)	8 (18.2)	.592^b
Chronic renal disease	4 (9.3)	1 (2.3)	.202^b
Chronic liver disease	0 (0.0)	3 (6.8)	.241^b
Chronic lung disease	3 (7.0)	5 (11.4)	.713^b
Autoimmune disease	1 (2.3)	4 (9.1)	.360^b
DM	7 (16.3)	12 (27.3)	.300^b
Laboratory findings
Leukocyte count (PE)	2456 (1020–3500)	1110 (225–3420)	.205^c
ADA	63 (48–103)	85 (46–125)	.228^c
Albumin, g/dL	3.6 ± 0.6	3.3 ± 0.7	.047^a
Hypoalbuminemia, n (%)^e	7 (16.3)	17 (38.6)	.020^b
Symptoms
Dyspnea	27 (62.8)	37 (84.1)	.024^b
Chest pain	17 (39.5)	16 (36.4)	.761^b
Fever	14 (32.6)	8 (18.2)	.123^b
Palpitation	2 (4.7)	7 (15.9)	.157^b
Duration, days	7 (5–21)	14 (7–28)	.433^c
PE amount			.023^d
Small	8 (18.6)	4 (9.1)	.198^b
Moderate	12 (27.9)	5 (11.4)	.062^b
Large	23 (53.5)	35 (79.5)	.010^b
Concomitant pulmonary tuberculosis	6 (14.0)	4 (9.1)	.521^b
Origin
Lung	8 (18.6)	6 (13.6)	.528^b
Reactivation and inapparent	35 (81.4)	38 (86.4)	.528^b
Hospital stay, days	12.2 ± 11.0	14.3 ± 10.5	.348^a
Antituberculosis medication
Duration, months	6.4 ± 2.3	6.6 ± 3.3	.776^a
Steroid
Users, yes (%)	19 (44.2)	22 (50.0)	.587^b
Duration, weeks	12.1 ± 7.4	11.6 ± 7.3	.808^a

Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation or number (percentage)
BMI body mass index, DM diabetes mellitus, PE pericardial effusion, ADA adenosine deaminase
^aStudent’s t-test
^bPearson’s χ-test
^cMann–Whitney U-test, median (interquartile range)
^dLinear-by-linear association
^edefined as serum albumin concentration below 3.0 g/dL