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Table 5 Predictors of hospitalization during diagnosis and treatment of active TB cases, notified to Montreal public health between January 1996 -- May 2007, stratified by timing of hospitalization (N = 1852)

From: Predictors of hospitalization of tuberculosis patients in Montreal, Canada: a retrospective cohort study

Characteristics

Any initial hospitalization (yes/no)

Any hospitalization during treatment (yes/no)

Number of patients (%)

Crude OR

(95% CI)

Adjusted ORa

(95% CI)

Number of patients (%)

Crude OR

(95% CI)

Adjusted ORa

(95% CI)

Male

536 (54.0)

1.30 (1.07–1.57)

-

91 (9.2)

1.08 (0.78–1.49)

-

Female

399 (47.4)

1.00

 

72 (8.6)

1.00

 

Age group

 0–19 years

85 (59.4)

2.04 (1.38–3.00)

2.52 (1.63–3.92)

15 (10.5)

2.09 (1.10–3.97)

2.82 (1.38–5.76)

 20–34 years

279 (46.4)

1.00

1.00

32 (5.3)

1.00

1.00

 35–64 years

249 (54.7)

1.39 (1.11–1.73)

1.09 (0.83–1.43)

60 (8.7)

1.64 (1.05–2.56)

1.11 (0.68–1.81)

  ≥ 65 years

258 (66.2)

1.92 (1.47–2.51)

1.13 (0.80–1.59)

58 (14.9)

3.11 (1.98–4.89)

2.19 (1.25–3.85)

Had provincial health insurance #

 Yes

804 (53.6)

1.75 (1.37–2.24)

-

149 (9.9)

2.05 (1.24–3.40)

-

 No

138 (39.1)

1.00

 

18 (5.1)

1.00

 

Country of birth

  

-

  

-

 Canada

196 (61.8)

2.02 (1.48–2.75)

 

51 (16.1)

2.61 (1.59–4.30)

 

 Foreign, low-moderate TB incidence

551 (49.6)

1.16 (0.92–1.47)

 

85 (7.6)

1.13 (0.72–1.78)

 

 Foreign, high TB incidence country

174 (45.8)

1.00

 

26 (6.8)

1.00

 

Immigration, years since arrival

 Foreign-born, unknown arrival date

53 (41.4)

0.41 (0.27–0.63)

-

13 (10.2)

0.59 (0.31–1.13)

-

 15 or more years

204 (60.4)

0.90 (0.65–1.25)

 

37 (11.0)

0.64 (0.41–1.01)

 

 3–14 years

269 (49.7)

0.58 (0.43–0.77)

 

39 (7.2)

0.41 (0.26–0.63)

 

 0–2 years

199 (41.0)

0.41 (0.30–0.54)

 

22 (4.5)

0.25 (0.15–0.42)

 

 Canadian-born

196 (61.8)

1.00

 

51 (16.1)

1.00

 

Homeless

  

-

  

-

 Yes

8 (88.9)

7.46 (0.93–59.66)

 

2 (22.2)

2.91 (0.60–14.11)

 

 No

934 (50.7)

1.00

 

165 (9.0)

1.00

 

Cancer

  

-

   

 Yes

30 (73.2)

2.23 (1.09–4.53)

 

13 (31.7)

5.00 (2.54–9.84)

3.43 (1.63–7.23)

 No

912 (50.4)

1.00

 

154 (8.5)

1.00

1.00

Diabetes

  

-

  

-

 Yes

98 (74.2)

2.83 (1.88–4.26)

 

21 (15.9)

2.04 (1.24–3.35)

 

 No

844 (49.1)

1.00

 

146 (8.5)

1.00

 

HIV

 Positive

111 (76.0)

3.24 (2.17–4.85)

1.46 (0.90–2.36)

36 (24.7)

3.84 (2.60–5.97)

3.31 (1.96–5.60)

 Negative or unknown

831 (48.7)

1.00

1.00

131 (7.7)

1.00

1.00

Renal disease

     

-

 Yes

83 (79.1)

3.92 (2.38–6.47)

1.99 (1.10–3.59)

22 (21.0)

2.93 (1.78–4.83)

 

 No

859 (49.2)

1.00

1.00

145 (8.3)

1.00

 

Liver disease

     

-

 Yes

105 (68.6)

2.02 (1.40–2.92)

-

25 (16.3)

2.14 (1.35–3.40)

 

 No

837 (49.3)

1.00

 

142 (8.4)

1.00

 

Ever substance abuse

     

-

 Yes

176 (70.7)

2.69 (1.99–3.63)

-

32 (12.9)

1.60 (1.06–2.42)

 

 No

766 (47.8)

1.00

 

135 (8.4)

1.00

 

Number of co-morbidities

 2 or more

316 (77.3)

5.31 (4.04–6.98)

3.56 (2.50–5.07)

76 (18.6)

5.44 (3.64–8.14)

2.90 (1.69–4.96)

 1

242 (53.9)

1.84 (1.46–2.32)

1.43 (1.08–1.89)

51 (11.4)

3.06 (1.99–4.70)

2.17 (1.31–3.60)

 0

384 (38.6)

1.00

1.00

40 (4.0)

1.00

1.00

Ever smoker

     

-

 Yes

306 (62.6)

1.92 (1.54–2.39)

-

61 (12.5)

1.69 (1.21–2.36)

 

 No

636 (46.7)

1.00

 

106 (7.8)

1.00

 

TB diagnosis

     

-

 Pulmonary, Smear+

447 (72.2)

3.87 (3.02–4.96)

1.48 (1.04–2.09)

70 (11.3)

1.43 (0.97–2.12)

 

 Pulmonary, Smear-

257 (41.2)

1.05 (0.83–1.32)

0.65 (0.46–0.90)

47 (7.5)

0.91 (0.60–1.40)

 

 Extra-pulmonary

228 (40.5)

1.00

1.00

46 (8.2)

1.00

 

Cavitary TB

     

-

 Yes

230 (68.5)

2.49 (1.92–3.23)

1.75 (1.28–2.40)

25 (7.4)

0.76 (0.48–1.19)

 

 No

712 (47.0)

1.00

1.00

142 (9.4)

1.00

 

Miliary TB

 Yes

29 (82.9)

5.33 (2.05–13.87)

3.53 (1.26–9.88)

8 (22.9)

3.09 (1.38–6.92)

2.09 (0.88–4.96)

 No

913 (50.3)

1.00

1.00

159 (8.8)

1.00

1.00

Any pulmonary TB-related symptoms

 Yes

853 (55.8)

3.45 (2.63–4.53)

2.12 (1.44–3.11)

149 (9.7)

1.77 (1.07–2.93)

-

 No

89 (27.6)

1.00

1.00

18 (5.6)

1.00

 

Any systemic TB-related symptoms

 Yes

697 (68.5)

5.18 (4.22–6.36)

3.54 (2.82–4.46)

123 (12.1)

2.44 (1.70–3.50)

1.72 (1.16–2.57)

 No

245 (28.4)

1.00

1.00

44 (5.3)

1.00

1.00

Multidrug or poly-drug resistance

 Yes

26 (78.8)

3.95 (1.61–9.67)

6.98 (2.65–18.30)

8 (24.2)

3.48 (1.54–7.89)

5.55 (2.18–14.14)

 No

914 (51.2)

1.00

1.00

157 (8.8)

1.00

1.00

  1. OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
  2. aModels adjusted for all reported variables