Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the 43 infants with infected cephalhaematomas
From: Infected cephalhaematoma in a five-week-old infant - case report and review of the literature
Characteristic | Number of patients (%) |
|---|---|
Gender | |
Female | 26 (60) |
Male | 12 (28) |
Not specified | 5 (12) |
Gestational age | |
Term | 40 (93) |
Preterma | 3 (7) |
Risk factors | |
Assisted delivery | 19 (44) |
Scalp electrode | 10 (23) |
Skin abrasion | 9 (21) |
Prolonged rupture of membranesb | 3 (7) |
Sepsis | 18 (42) |
Urinary tract infectionc | 1 (2) |
Location of cephalhaematoma | |
Parietal | 29 (67) |
Parieto-occipital | 8 (19) |
Parieto-temporal | 2 (5) |
Location not specified | 4 (9) |
Right | 18 (42) |
Left | 12 (28) |
Bilateral | 11 (25) |
Side not specified | 2 (5) |
Reasons for presentation | |
Increasing swelling | 21 (49) |
Fever | 20 (47) |
Poor feeding | 7 (16) |
Lethargy | 8 (19) |
Icteric | 8 (19) |
Pallor | 3 (7) |
Seizure | 1 (2) |
Local findings | |
Enlargement | 25 (58) |
Erythema | 25 (58) |
Tenderness | 17 (40) |
Fluctuance | 13 (30) |
Skin abrasion | 9 (21) |
Spontaneous drainage | 9 (21) |
Blisters | 7 (16) |
Fracture | 1 (4) |
Systemic findings | |
Feverd | 28 (65) |
Leucocytosise | 19 (44) |
Irritability | 11 (26) |
Icterus | 10 (23) |
Meningitis | 11 (26) |
Surgical intervention | |
Aspiration | 2 (5) |
Incision and drainage | 13 (30) |
Aspiration followed by incision and drainage | 18 (42) |
Aspiration followed by debridement and evacuation | 7 (16) |
Additional bone re-movement | 5 (12) |
Nonef | 3 (7) |
Complications | |
Osteomyelitis | 18 (42) |
Sinus venous thrombosis | 1 (2) |
Outcome | |
Full recovery | 35 (81) |
Death | 2 (5) |
Hydrocephalus | 1 (2) |
No follow-up | 5 (12) |