Table 1 Characteristics and Quality assessment of studies included in the review
First author, year | Study population/Study setting | Study design/Sample size | Sample | Intervention | Comparison | Study qualitya |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rathunde, 2014 [37] | Adult HIV patients at specialized ambulatory facilities in academic tertiary care hospital in Curitiba, Brazil | Cross-sectional (N = 107) | Venous | Alere Pima™ CD4 (Pima) | FACSCalibur | 9 |
Galiwango, 2014 [49] | HIV infected patients (pre and experienced ART persons) at field clinics in Rakai, Uganda | Cross-sectional (N = 903) | Venous | Pima | FACSCalibur | 10 |
van Rooyen, 2013 [15] | Known HIV-positive individuals older than 18 years in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (SA) | Prospective cohort (N = 671) | Capillary (Pima); venous (FACSCalibur) | Pima | FACSCalibur | Moderate |
Myer, 2013 [45] | HIV infected pregnant women at a single large antenatal clinic in Cape Town, SA | Cross-sectional (N = 546) | Venous | Pima | Beckman-Coulter PLG technology | 8 |
Mnyani, 2012 [51] | HIV infected pregnant women at first ANC visit to Chiawelo clinic in Johannesburg, SA | Cross-sectional (N = 305) | Capillary (Pima); venous (Ref. tests) | Pima | Beckman Coulter Flow Cytometer | 10 |
Mwau, 2013 [53] | Patients attending 9 health facilities (for HIV treatment and care) offering CD4 count in Kenya | Cross-sectional (N = 1539) | Venous (Pima & reference methods); capillary (Pima) | Pima | FACSCount, Partec Cy-flow, GUAVA and FACSCalibur | 8 |
Glencross, 2012 [22] | Adult HIV patients attending (1) Hospital based antenatal HCT clinic in Johannesburg-phase II (2) Two Primary health care HCT clinic in Limpopo province-phase IIIA; and (3) Inner-city primary health care clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa-phase IIIB | Cross-sectional (N = 91; N = 96; N = 139) | Venous and capillary | Pima | Simplified single platform (SP) PLG CD4 | 12 |
Thakar, 2012 [36] | HIV positive patients aged 18–60 attending 21 ART centers in different parts of India | Cross-sectional (N = 1790) | Venous and capillary | Pima | FACSCalibur; FACSCount; Partec CyFlow | 12 |
Manabe, 2012 [46] | HIV infected patients at Adult Infectious Diseases Institute Clinic in Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda | Cross-sectional (N = 206) | Venous and capillary | Pima | FACSCalibur | 11 |
Jani, 2011 [39] | HIV infected individuals attending 2 primary health care ART clinics in Maputo, Mozambique | Cross-sectional (N = 697) | Capillary (Pima); venous (Ref. tests) | Pima | FACSCalibur | 7 |
Diaw, 2011 [44] | Patients (adults & children; HIV +/−) presenting for HIV follow-up at three out-patient clinic & one lab in Dakar, Senegal | Cross-sectional (N = 300) | Venous (200 patients); capillary (finger/heel-prick) 100 patients | Pima | FACSCount | 11 |
Mtapuri-Zinyowera, 2010 [50] | Newly diagnosed HIV positive patients at a VCT center in Harare, Zimbabwe | Cross-sectional (N = 165) | Capillary (Pima); venous (Ref. tests) | Pima | FACSCalibur | 11 |
Wade, 2014 [40] | HIV infected patients presenting for routine CD4 testing at infectious disease clinic in Dar es Salam, Tanzania | Cross-sectional (N = 200) | Capillary (Pima); venous (Ref. tests) | Pima | FACSCalibur | 11 |
Wade, 2013 [42] | (Anonymous) HIV infected patients attending normal CD4 test monitoring and HIV-negative donors from blood bank of Regional Hospital and two Healthcare Centers in Ziguinchor, Senegal | Cross-sectional (N = 128) | Venous | Pima | FACSCount | 11 |
Gous, 2013 [52] | HIV infected patients > 18 years old visiting comprehensive care management and treatment clinic for ART initiation or monitoring at Tshwane District Hospital in Pretoria, SA | Cross-sectional (N = 300) | Capillary (Pima); venous (Ref. tests) | Pima | PLG CD4 FC 500 | 10 |
Malagun, 2014 [38] | HIV infected adults >18 year old attending one urban (Heduru HIV clinic at Port Moresby General Hospital, Port Moresby) and 2 rural (Asaro District Health Centre and Kainantu Rural Hospital) clinics in Papua New Guinea | Cross-sectional (N = 237) | Venous | Pima | FACSCount | 11 |
Picken, 2014 [43] | HIV positive mother of children with CD4 count < 500 cells/μl and not on ART at Tygerberg hospital, Cape Town, SA | Cross-sectional (N = 52) | Capillary (Pima); venous (Ref. tests) | Pima | Beckman Coulter FC 500 MPL® | 11 |
Mwau, 2014 [48] | HIV infected patients ≥ 18 years old at Comprehensive clinics of 2 health care facilities in Busia county of Western province, Kenya | Cross-sectional (N = 276) | Capillary (Pima); venous (Ref. tests) | MyT4 POC CD4 | FACSCalibur and FACSCount | 11 |
Gumbo, 2013 [41] | HIV infected adult patients attending Harare Central hospital opportunistic infection clinic, Zimbabwe | Cross-sectional (N = 104) | Venous | PointCare NOW | BD FACSCalibur | 9 |
Bergeron, 2012 [47] | HIV infected adult patients; unknown HIV status; and HIV infected children aged 12–59 months attending: (1) the Instituto Nacional de Saude (INS) Maputo, Mozambique; (2) the Institute of Tropical Medicine of Antwerp (Belgium) in Tete, Mozambique; (3) Wits University, Johannesburg, SA | Cross-sectional (N = 472) | Venous | PointCare NOW | FACSCalibur and the EPICS- XL | 8 |
Zeh, 2014 [35] | HIV infected patients in Western Kenya | Cross-sectional (N = 147) | Venous and capillary | Pima | FACSCalibur | - |
Arnet N, 2013 [33] | HIV infected patients from 5 PMTCT and HIV treatment sites in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania | Cross-sectional (N = 1060) | Venous and capillary | Pima | FACSCalibur | - |