Table 3 Risk factors associated with death of children with severe HFMD
From: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels associated with severe hand, foot and mouth disease
Relevant factors | Cure group n = 83 (%) | Death group n = 45 (%) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender (male/female) | 51/32 | 27/18 | 0.873 |
Age (≤3 years) | 60 (72.3) | 39 (86.7) | 0.064 |
Fever | 83 (100.0) | 45 (100.0) | - |
Peak temperature (>39 °C) | 69 (83.1) | 38 (84.4) | 0.848 |
Hypersomnia | 73 (88.0) | 45 (100.0) | 0.015* |
Hyperarousal | 79 (95.2) | 42 (93.3) | 0.661 |
Limb shaking | 60 (72.3) | 38 (84.4) | 0.121 |
Convulsion | 27 (32.5) | 6 (13.3) | 0.018 |
Vomiting | 56 (67.5) | 31 (68.9) | 0.870 |
Dyspnoea | 30 (36.1) | 45 (100.0) | - |
Pathologic reflexes | 83 (100.0) | 45 (100.0) | - |
Consciousness disorder | 30 (36.1) | 45 (100.0) | - |
Increased blood pressure | 20 (24.1) | 45 (100.0) | - |
Circulatory disturbance | 30 (36.1) | 45 (100.0) | - |
Laboratory examination | |||
Peripheral WBC count > 15 × 109/L | 27 (32.5) | 29 (64.4) | 0.001** |
Fasting blood glucose level > 8.3 mmol/L | 25 (30.1) | 37 (21.8) | 0.000*** |
EV71-positivity | 43 (51.8) | 32 (71.1) | 0.000*** |
NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 1435 ± 4201 | 12776 ± 13115 | 0.000*** |
NT-proBNP (log10 pg/mL) | 2.68 ± 0.49 | 3.79 ± 0.61 | 0.000*** |
Increased CK | 13 (15.7) | 18 (40.0) | 0.002** |
Increased CK-MB | 33 (39.8) | 25 (55.6) | 0.087 |
Increased LDH | 4 (4.8) | 14 (31.1) | 0.000*** |
Increased PCT | 48 (57.8) | 23 (51.1) | 0.465 |