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Table 4 Factors associated with ESBL-Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infection (BSI)

From: Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections at a South African children’s hospital 2006–2011, a cross-sectional study

Risk factors for ESBL KPBSI

ESBL

Non-ESBL

Univariate analysis

Adjusted analysis (n = 271)

n/N (%)

n/N (%)

RRa (95 % CI)

p-value

RR (95 % CI)

p-value

Moderate or severe underweight for age

209/339 (61.7)

32/71 (45.1)

1.13 (1.02–1.24)

0.01

0.99 (0.97–1.01)

0.40

HIV-infection

79/249 (31.7)

3/39 (7.7)

1.22 (1.13–1.30)

<0.001

1.14 (1.04–1.25)

0.01

Patient in the PICUb

92/339 (27.1)

11/71 (15.5)

1.11 (1.02–1.21)

0.04

0.99 (0.88–1.12)

0.94

Cephalosporin exposure in the last 12 months pre-BSI

184/339 (54.3)

12/71 (16.9)

1.30 (1.18–1.42)

<0.001

1.18 (1.06–1.31)

0.002

Mechanical ventilation prior to BSI

142/335 (42.4)

13/71 (18.3)

1.19 (1.10–1.29)

<0.001

1.08 (0.93–1.24)

0.31

Continuous infusion for >3 days prior to BSI

247/334 (74.0)

30/71 (42.3)

1.31 (1.16–1.49)

<0.001

1.15 (1.04–1.28)

0.009

Indwelling urinary catheter prior to BSI

139/335 (41.5)

12/71 (16.9)

1.20 (1.10–1.30)

<0.001

1.09 (0.99–1.20)

0.10

Major surgical procedure prior to BSIc

115/336 (34.2)

16/71 (22.5)

1.10 (1.01–1.20)

0.04

1.06 (0.95–1.18)

0.33

Skin erosions

111/336 (33.0)

19/71 (26.8)

1.05 (0.96–1.15)

0.30

1.07 (0.98–1.17)

0.12

Previous KP infection within last 12 months

39/338 (11.5)

3/71 (4.2)

1.14 (1.03–1.26)

0.01

0.96 (0.84–1.11)

0.62

  1. Multivariable model adjusted for gender, age, HIV infection, underweight-for-age, mechanical ventilation, patient in the PICU at the time of the BSI, continuous IV infusion for more than 3 days before the BSI, indwelling urinary catheter, major surgery before the BSI, Previous KP infection within last 12 months, skin erosions and cephalosporin exposure during last 12 months before the BSI. aRR adjusted risk ratio
  2. ESBL-KP extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, BSI bloodstream infection
  3. aRR risk ratio; bPICU: paediatric intensive care unit; c A major surgical procedure included a laparotomy (emergency or elective), a thoracotomy, a skin graft or a craniotomy; Risk ratio 95 % confidence intervals that do not cross the null value of 1 are shown in bold