Table 1 Bacteria and fungi isolates from blood cultures of neonates <48 h and 2–28 days old

Gram negatives

109 (14.9) ^a

220 (21.7) ^b

33 (14.0)

16 (11.1)

45 (17.2)

15 (17.8)

0.219

63 (22.9)

41 (15.7)

80 (22.7)

36 (20.5)

0.541

  Enterobacteriacea

79 (10.9)

160 (15.3)

28 (11.9)

8 (5.5)

35 (13.4)

8 (9.5)

0.879

45 (16.4)

28 (10.7)

61 (17.3)

26 (17.9)

0.444

   Escherichia coli

11 (1.5)

14 (1.3)

2 (0.9)

1 (0.7)

6 (2.2)

2 (2.4)

0.183

5 (1.8)

5 (1.9)

10 (2.8)

4 (2.6)

0.450

   Klebsiella species

10 (1.4)

21 (2.0)

3 (1.2)

1 (0.7)

5 (1.9)

1 (1.2)

0.801

5 (1.8)

1 (0.4)

11 (3.1)

4 (2.6)

0.210

   Kluyvera species

7 (0.9)

6 (0.6)

5 (2.1)

0

1 (0.4)

1 (1.2)

0.109

1 (0.3)

1 (0.4)

1 (0.2)

3 (2.0)

0.187

   Citrobacter species

23 (3.2)

44 (4.3)

7 (2.9)

3 (2.1)

11 (4.2)

2 (2.4)

0.785

16 (5.8)

10 (3.8)

12 (3.4)

6 (4.0)

0.199

   Enterobacter species

19 (2.6)

40 (3.9)

6 (2.5)

2 (1.4)

10 (3.8)

1 (1.2)

0.927

14 (5.1)

4 (1.5)

19 (5.4)

3 (2.0)

0.520

   Proteus species

5 (0.7)

7 (0.6)

3 (1.2)

1 (0.7)

1 (0.4)

0

0.097

0

2 (0.6)

3 (0.9)

2 (1.3)

0.144

   Salmonella species

3 (0.4)

10 (0.9)

1 (0.4)

0

1 (0.4)

1 (1.2)

0.698

3 (1.1)

3 (1.1)

3 (0.9)

1 (0.7)

0.506

   Serratia species

1 (0.4)

8 (0.7)

1 (0.4)

0

0

0

0.089

1 (0.3)

2 (0.8)

2 (0.6)

3 (2.0)

0.216

  Acinetobacter species

16 (2.2)

43 (4.1)

3 (1.2)

4 (2.7)

4 (1.5)

5 (5.9)

0.131

15 (5.4)

7 (2.6)

13 (3.7)

8 (5.3)

0.740

  Pseudomonas species

11 (1.5)

16 (1.5)

2 (0.8)

2 (1.3)

5 (1.9)

2 (2.4)

0.300

3 (1.1)

6 (2.3)

5 (1.4)

2 (1.3)

0.934

 Others

3 (0.4)

1 (0.09)

0

2 (1.3)

1 (0.4)

0

0.865

0

0

1

0

0.895

Gram positives

610 (84.2) ^b

811 (78.0) ^a

200 (85.1)

127 (88.2)

214 (81.9)

69 (82.1)

0.241

212 (77.1)

219 (83.9)

270 (76.7)

114 (75.5)

0.386

  Enterococcus species

43 (5.9)

36 (3.4)

32 (13.7)

3 (2.1)

6 (2.3)

2 (2.4)

<0.001

23 (8.4)

5 (1.9)

6 (1.7)

2 (1.3)

<0.001

  Micrococcus species

1 (0.4)

5 (0.4)

1 (0.4)

0

0

0

0.089

0

1 (0.4)

2 (0.6)

2 (1.3)

0.108

  Staphylococcus aureus

76 (10.5)

159 (15.3)

24 (10.2)

20 (13.9)

24 (9.2)

8 (9.5)

0.570

43 (15.6)

51 (19.5)

46 (13)

19 (12.6)

0.142

 CoNS

431 (59.5)

549 (52.8)

130 (55.3)

94 (65.2)

152 (58.2)

55 (65.4)

<0.001

133 (48.4)

150 (57.5)

195 (55.3)

71 (47.0)

0.844

  Streptococcus species

59 (8.1)

58 (5.6)

13 (55.3)

10

32 (12.3)

4 (4.8)

0.162

13 (4.7)

12 (4.6)

21 (6.0)

4 (2.6)

0.698

   Streptococcus pneumoniae

3 (0.4)

9 (0.9)

2 (0.8)

0

1 (0.4)

0

0.199

2 (0.6)

1 (0.4)

3 (0.9)

3 (2.0)

0.988

   Streptococcus pyogenes

3 (0.4)

9 (0.9)

2 (0.8)

0

1 (0.4)

0

0.199

2 (0.6)

1 (0.4)

3 (0.9)

3 (2.0)

0.295

   Streptococcus agalactiae

5 (0.7)

7 (0.6)

2 (0.8)

1 (0.7)

1 (0.4)

1 (1.2)

0.715

1 (0.3)

2 (0.8)

3 (0.9)

1 (1.3)

0.726

  Viridans Streptococci

22 (3.0)

16 (1.5)

2 (0.8)

5 (3.5)

13 (4.9)

2 (2.4)

0.073

2 (0.6)

3 (1.1)

7 (1.9)

4 (2.6)

0.102

  Other Streptococci

26 (3.6)

17 (1.6)

5 (2.1)

4 (2.8)

16 (6.1)

1 (1.2)

0.288

6 (2.0)

4 (1.5)

5 (1.4)

2 (1.3)

0.378

   Streptomyces species

0

4 (0.3)

0

0

0

0

-

0

1 (0.4)

0

3 (2.0)

0.049

Fungi

5 (0.7) ^a

8 (0.7) ^a

5 (2.1)

1 (0.7)

2 (0.8)

0

0.053

0

1 (0.4)

2 (0.6)

6 (3.9)

<0.001

  Aspergillus species

2 (0.2)

0

1 (0.4)

0

1 (0.4)

0

0.480

0

0

0

0

-

  Candida albicans

3 (0.4)

8 (0.7)

1 (0.4)

1 (0.06)

1 (0.4)

0

0.467

0

1 (0.4)

2 (0.6)

5 (3.3)

<0.001

Total

724 (41.1)

1039 (58.9)

235

144

261

84

275

261

352

151