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Table 4 Poisson regression models for baseline factors associated with mortality during the pre- and post-ART periodsa

From: Risk factors for mortality among malnourished HIV-infected adults eligible for antiretroviral therapy

 

Pre-ART period (n = 1656) c

After starting ART (n = 1334) d

Factor

Level

Adjusted HRb (95 % CI)

p-value

Adjusted HRb (95 % CI)

p-value

Site

Zambia

1

<0.001

1

0.28

Tanzania

2.65 (1.82 to 3.84)

 

1.20 (0.86 to 1.66)

 

Sex

Female

1

<0.001

1

0.16

Male

3.44 (2.31 to 5.14)

 

1.29 (0.90 to 1.84)

 

Age group (years)

18–29

1

0.65

1

0.71

30–39

1.18 (0.77 to 1.83)

 

0.81 (0.55 to 1.20)

 

40–49

1.04 (0.62 to 1.75)

 

0.87 (0.56 to 1.35)

 

> = 50

0.83 (0.43 to 1.60)

 

1.00 (0.56 to 1.76)

 

CD4 group (cells/μl)

> = 200

1

0.004

1

0.001

100–199

1.23 (0.69 to 2.19)

 

1.34 (0.83 to 2.14)

 

50–99

2.08 (1.21 to 3.59)

 

1.60 (0.97 to 2.64)

 

<50

2.25 (1.35 to 3.59)

 

2.33 (1.49 to 3.66)

 

BMIa

Per 1 kg/m2 increase

0.93 (0.82 to 1.05)

0.23

0.80 (0.72 to 0.89)

<0.001

Oedema

No

1

0.13

1

0.03

Yes

1.57 (0.88 to 2.82)

 

2.03 (1.09 to 3.79)

 

Baseline TBa treatment

No

1

<0.001

1

0.003

Yes

0.32 (0.18 to 0.58)

 

0.49 (0.30 to 0.79)

 

CRPa (mg/l)

<10

1

0.001

1

<0.001

10–49

0.69 (0.32 to 1.49)

 

3.00 (1.49 to 6.05)

 

50–159

2.02 (1.13 to 3.62)

 

4.79 (2.43 to 9.43)

 

≥160

1.94 (1.09 to 3.45)

 

5.94 (3.02 to 11.67)

 

Fat-free mass index

Per 1 kg/m2 increase

0.97 (0.74 to 1.26)

0.78

0.70 (0.56 to 0.89)

0.003

Grip strength

Per 1 kg increase

0.90 (0.87 to 0.93)

<0.001

0.98 (0.95 to 1.01)

0.12

MUACa

Per 1 cm increase

0.93 (0.85 to 1.02)

0.11

0.84 (0.78 to 0.91)

<0.001

Appetite score

> − 0.5

1

0.34

1

0.85

−1.49 to−0.55

0.90 (0.50 to 1.61)

 

1.00 (0.54 to 1.82)

 

<−1.5

1.31 (0.76 to 2.28)

 

1.15 (0.65 to 2.05)

 

Phosphate (mmol/l)

Cubic spline

 

0.06

 

0.50

  1. aAbbreviations: ART antiretroviral therapy, BMI body mass index, MUAC mid-upper arm circumference, CRP C-reactive protein, TB tuberculosis
  2. bMultivariable analysis adjusted for age, sex, CD4, BMI, oedema, TB treatment, CRP, grip strength, site, follow-up period and study arm. Post-ART analysis also adjusted for weeks spent pre-ART. Association with fat-free mass, MUAC and appetite not adjusted for BMI. Post-ART analysis also adjusted for weeks spent pre-ART
  3. cPre-ART analysis; Fat-free mass n = 1331, MUAC n = 1643, Appetite n = 623, Phosphate n = 1615
  4. dPost-ART analysis; Fat-free mass n = 1113, MUAC n = 1323, Appetite n = 478, Phosphate n = 1304