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Table 1 Demographics, comorbidity/risk factors and disease manifestations

From: Temporal trends of β-haemolytic streptococcal osteoarticular infections in western Norway

 

GAS n = 24

GBS n = 45

GCGS n = 40 a

GAS vs GBS

GAS vs GCGS

GBS vs GCGS

Demographics

   

Adjusted p-values *

 Male sex

15

63 %

21

47 %

25

63 %

0.62

1.0

0.95

 Age Median (IQR)

48

(8–72)

70

(58–80)

69

(49–81)

0.007

0.049

1.0

Disease manifestation

       

 AOM

5

21 %

11

24 %

4

10 %

1.0

1.0

0.6

  Vertebral AOM

0

 

7

 

3

    

  Peripheral AOM

5

 

4

 

1

    

 PJI

5

21 %

22

49 %

15

38 %

0.148

1.0

1.0

  Early PJI

2

 

6

 

2

    

  Delayed PJI

3

 

6

 

5

    

 Late PJI

0

 

10

 

8

    

  NJI

14

58 %

12

27 %

21

53 %

0.049

1.0

0.11

Affected joint

         

 Hip

4

21 %

15

44 %

9

25 %

   

 Knee

8

42 %

8

24 %

15

42 %

   

 Ankle

2

11 %

1

3 %

3

8 %

   

 Shoulder

0

0 %

1

3 %

4

11 %

   

 Other

7

37 %

6

18 %

11

31 %

   

 Multiple joints

0

0 %

5

15 %

1

3 %

   

Microbiological cultures

       

 Blood

14

58 %

25

56 %

13

33 %

   

 Synovial Fluid

14

58 %

11

24 %

23

58 %

   

 Tissue

1

4 %

12

27 %

8

20 %

   

 Polymicrobial b

3

13 %

2

4 %

4

10 %

   

Comorbidity and risk factors

       

 Systemic risk factor

10

42 %

37

82 %

23

58 %

0.005

1.0

0.1

  Diabetes

3

13 %

10

22 %

5

13 %

   

  Chr. Org. failure

6

25 %

29

64 %

15

38 %

   

  Active malignancy

1

4 %

8

18 %

5

13 %

   

  Immunosuppress

1

4 %

2

4 %

4

10 %

   

  IVDU

2

8 %

0

0 %

5

13 %

   

Local risk factor

10

42 %

29

64 %

29

73 %

0.21

0.084

1.0

 Rheum. joint dis.

0

0 %

4

9 %

6

15 %

   

 Prior SA

5

21 %

5

11 %

10

25 %

   

 Prosthesis

5

21 %

22

49 %

15

38 %

   

 Surg proc < 4 weeks

4

17 %

9

20 %

10

25 %

   

 Any risk factor

15

63 %

41

91 %

37

93 %

0.046

0.048

1.0

  1. All data are presented as n (%), except Age presented as median (inner quartile range (IQR)). Significant values are highlighted in bold
  2. Abbreviations: GAS group A streptococci, GBS group B streptococci, GCGS group C and G streptococci, AOM acute osteomyelitis, PJI prosthetic joint infection, NJI native joint infection, Chr. Org.failure chronic organ failure (according to medical records), IVDU active intravenous drug use, Rheum. Joint dis rheumatic joint disease, SA septic arthritis, Surg proc < 4 weeks surgical joint procedure performed within 4 weeks prior to admission
  3. * The p-values are adjusted for multiple comparisons ad modum Holm-Bonferroni
  4. a Two GCGS cases did not provide informed consent, and were excluded from the analyses
  5. b Three GAS, one GBS and one GCGS blood culture positive cases had concomitant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. One GBS and three GCGS tissue cultures also grew coagulase negative staphylococci