Table 1 Risk factors associated with incident cases of active tuberculosis (TB) among inmates from 12 Brazilian prisons during one year of follow-up (N = 1,422)

Age (mean ± SD)

32.6 ± 9.7

0.99 (0.95–1.04)^a

0.821

Sex (Male)

1235 (86.8)

2.63 (0.35–19.73)

0.348

 White

463 (33.9)

1.0

 Mixed

685 (50.2)

0.94 (0.30–2.98)

0.924

 Black

170 (12.5)

3.30 (1.01–10.83)

0.048^b

 Indigenous

19 (1.4)

-

 Asian

28 (2.1)

-

Reported any WHO TB symptom at baseline

934 (65.7)

2.63 (0.76–9.09)

0.126^b

Reported productive cough at baseline

325 (22.9)

2.25 (0.87–5.80)

0.094^b

Less than 4 year of schooling

772 (55.5)

1.63 (0.61–4.36)

0.323

Diabetes Mellitus

0 (0.0)

-

-

Current Smoker

730 (51.8)

2.47 (0.88–6.94)

0.085^b

HIV positive

18 (1.3)

-

-

Drug use over the last year

739 (52.0)

3.91 (1.29–11.87)

0.016^b

3.22 (1.05–9.89)

0.042

Previous incarceration

860 (60.8)

1.03 (0.40–2.66)

0.951

TST positive

290 (21.0)

1.74 (0.60–5.00)

0.306

Previous TB

92 (6.6)

3.01 (0.90–10.70)

0.074^b

Knows someone with TB

607 (43.5)

3.45 (1.24–9.73)

0.018^b

2.86 (1.01–8.10)

0.049