Table 3 Risk factors for Pneumomediastinum of confirmed pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in non-HIV patients

Age, mean ± SD

51 ± 19

53 ± 16

0.606

Male, n (%)

8(42.1)

26(41.3)

0.948

Apache II, mean ± SD

19 ± 5

19 ± 5

0.948

 CTD, n (%)

16(84.2)

49(77.8)

0.544

  ILD, n (%)

1(5.3)

1(1.6)

0.412

  Dermatomyositis, n (%)

1(5.3)

9(14.3)

0.440

 Organ transplant, n (%)

1(5.3)

2(3.2)

0.552

 Hematologic malignancy, n (%)

0(0)

3(4.8)

0.448

 Solid tumor, n (%)

1(5.3)

3(4.8)

0.659

 Corticosteroid therapy, n (%)

17(89.5)

52(82.5)

0.722

 Fever, n (%)

17(89.5)

53(84.1)

0.563

 Dyspnea, n (%)

19(100)

56(88.9)

0.192

 Cough, n (%)

14(73.7)

43(68.3)

0.652

 White blood cell counts, mean ± SD

7.85 ± 2.92

8.52 ± 4.18

0.518

 lymphocyte counts, mean ± SD

601 ± 618

540 ± 444

0.717

 CD4 cell counts, mean ± SD

246 ± 583

156 ± 186

0.886

 PaO2/FiO2 on ICU admission

144 ± 53

136 ± 70

0.663

 Aspergillosis, pulmonary, n (%)

3(15.8)

15(23.8)

0.544

 Cytomegalovirus, pulmonary, n (%)

12(63.2)

38(60.3)

0.824

 Onset to diagnosis, days, mean ± SD

13 ± 5

14 ± 12

0.480

 Onset to intubation, days, mean ± SD

11 ± 6

12 ± 11

0.753

 Onset to TMP/SMZ, days, mean ± SD

9 ± 6

12 ± 13

0.230

 IPPV during ICU stay, n (%)

18(94.7)

57(90.5)

0.560

  VT maximal(ml/kg), mean ± SD

7.1 ± 2.0

8.1 ± 2.4

0.208

  PEEP maximal(cmH2O), mean ± SD

11 ± 5

10 ± 4

0.415

 NPPV on ICU admission, n (%)

3(15.8)

9(14.3)

0.871

  IPAP(cmH2O), mean ± SD

14 ± 3

11 ± 3

0.118

  EPAP(cmH2O), mean ± SD

7 ± 2

7 ± 2

0.980

 IPPV on ICU admission, n (%)

7(36.8)

39(61.9)

0.054

  VT(ml/kg), mean ± SD

6.8 ± 1.0

7.1 ± 1.2

0.462

  Pplat(cmH2O), mean ± SD

25 ± 4

24 ± 6

0.821

  PEEP(cmH2O), mean ± SD

10 ± 4

10 ± 4

1.000

  FiO2, mean ± SD

0.74 ± 0.15

0.65 ± 0.18

0.066

  Recruitment maneuvers, n (%)

6(35.3)

17(30.9)

0.735

 NRM on ICU admission, n (%)

9(47.4)

15(23.8)

0.048