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Table 3 Associations of risk factors and seropositivity for seven hrHPV typesa; logistic regression using GEE

From: A cross-sectional study on the concordance between vaginal HPV DNA detection and type-specific antibodies in a multi-ethnic cohort of women from Amsterdam, the Netherlands – the HELIUS study

 

Crude OR

95 % CI

P-value

Adjusted ORb

95 % CI

P-value

Cervico-vaginal HPV DNA

 No

1

 

0.002

1

 

0.02

 Yes

1.70

(1.22,2.36)

 

1.53

(1.06,2.20)

 

Age in yearsc

 19

2.76

(1.34,5.70)

 

4.33

(2.07,9.06)

 

 24

1

 

0.02

1

 

<0.001

 29

1.07

(0.58,1.99)

 

1.10

(0.60,2.05)

 

 34

1.53

(0.73,3.20)

 

1.53

(0.72,3.24)

 

Ethnicityd

 Dutch

1

 

<0.001

1

 

0.22

 South-Asian Surinamese

0.63

(0.30,1.31)

 

1.39

(0.65,2.96)

 

 African Surinamese

1.80

(0.99,3.26)

 

1.96

(1.08,3.55)

 

 Ghanaian

0.74

(0.34,1.59)

 

1.11

(0.48,2.55)

 

 Moroccan

0.43

(0.20,0.94)

 

1.30

(0.57,2.96)

 

 Turkish

0.36

(0.14,0.88)

 

0.85

(0.34,2.15)

 

Marital statuse

 Ever married/Cohabitating

1

 

0.002

1

 

0.06

 Never married

2.22

(1.33,3.69)

 

1.72

(0.98,3.03)

 

Smoking status

 Never smoked

1

 

0.50

   

 Former smoker

1.42

(0.74,2.73)

    

 Current smoker

1.22

(0.73,2.03)

    

Smoking in pack years

 Never smoked

1

 

0.023

1

 

0.04

  < 2 years

1.92

(1.14,3.22)

 

1.45

(0.84,2.50)

 

  ≥ 2 years

0.81

(0.43,1.52)

 

0.57

(0.30,1.09)

 

Age of sexual debut

 Never had sex

1

 

<0.001

   

  ≥ 21

1.31

(0.44,3.89)

    

 19-20

2.29

(0.82,6.38)

    

 18-17

4.03

(1.65,9.85)

    

  ≤ 16

5.50

(2.30,13.17)

    

Lifetime male sexual partners

 None

1

 

<0.001

1

 

<0.001

 1

1.88

(0.73,4.85)

 

3.61

(1.37,9.49)

 

 2–5

3.44

(1.43,8.27)

 

4.29

(1.72,10.74)

 

 6–10

6.27

(2.54,15.49)

 

11.2

(4.13,30.33)

 

  ≥ 11

7.08

(2.74,18.32)

 

12.07

(4.09,35.57)

 
  1. CI, confidence interval; GEE, generalized estimating equations; hrHPV, high risk human papillomavirus; OR, odds ratio. aAmong 532 women from the population-based cohort HELIUS, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 2011–2013. bMultivariable models adjusted for age in years, ethnicity, marital status, smoking in pack years, number of lifetime male sexual partners. cFor analytic purposes age was modeled using restricted cubic splines with knots at the 5th, 35th, 65th and 95th percentile. The ORs of four ages from the total analysis with five years in between have been chosen for display in the table. dEffect estimates per ethnicity of vaginal hrHPV DNA detection for seropositivity in ORs (95 % CI): Dutch 1.74 (0.99,3.09), South-Asian Surinamese 2.13 (0.72,6.33), African Surinamese 1.43 (0.82,2.45), Ghanaian 0.93 (0.25,3.48), Moroccan 0.67 (0.13,3.51), Turkish 4.01 (1.44,11.12). eFor marital status, the small category of divorced women was added to the category of married or cohabitating women to prevent instability of the model