Fig. 4

Results from the pooled analysis of the included studies. Results of the pooled analysis using a random effects model. The sensitivity, specificity, positive LR, negative LR, and diagnostic OR of all of the included studies were pooled. The pooled sensitivity was 0.92 (95 % CI 0.85–0.96); the pooled specificity was 0.88 (95 % CI 0.84–0.92, with significant heterogeneity); and the diagnostic OR was 83.09 (95 % CI 36.83–187.46). LR: likelihood ratio