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Table 5 Summary of policy options to mitigate (MDR) TB patients’ costs considered per country

From: The socioeconomic impact of multidrug resistant tuberculosis on patients: results from Ethiopia, Indonesia and Kazakhstan

 

Ethiopia

Indonesia

Kazakhstan

TB service improvements

 Ensure that policy of free care for all (MDR) TB services is fully implemented

X

X

X

 Bring services closer to patients

X

X

X

 Detect and treat MDR-TB cases earlier

X

X

X

 Raise the awareness of health workers

X

X

X

 Involve local NGO’s and civil society organizations

 

X

X

 Reduce hospitalization

  

X

 No unnecessary or substandard tests

 

X

 

 Obligatory treatment for MDR-TB patients

 

X

 

Social protection improvements

 Include direct (transport, food support) costs in social support schemes provided through TB services

X

X

X

 Include indirect (sick leave allowance) costs in social protection schemes

X

X

X

 Improve employment protection

X

X

X

 Reduce stigma and acceptance of outpatient treatment

X

X

X

 Increase re-socialization and employment possibilities

X

X

X

 Use social health insurance

X

X

 

 Consistency across social assistance programs and over time

X

  

 Assure continuation of education

  

X

 Involve local NGO’s and civil society organizations

 

X

 

 Provide convenient lodging

 

X

 

 Empower patient groups that can support MDR-TB patients

 

X