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Table 1 Associations between hrHPV and Reproductive Health and Behavior Variables

From: Population-based prevalence of cervical infection with human papillomavirus genotypes 16 and 18 and other high risk types in Tlaxcala, Mexico

 

n (% of Total pop. screened)

hrHPV n

Prevalence hrHPV (95 % CI)

Age Adjusted OR (95 % CI)a

Multivariate Adjusted OR (95 % CI)b

Age (years)

30–34

7,083 (23.0)

971

13.7 (12.9–14.5)

1.65 (1.46–1.87)

1.61 (1.42–1.83)

35–39

7,131 (23.1)

809

11.3 (10.6–12.1)

1.33 (1.17–1.51)

1.31 (1.15–1.49)

40–44

6,176 (20.0)

582

9.4 (8.7–10.2)

1.08 (0.95–1.24)

1.09 (0.95–1.25)

45–49

4,402 (14.3)

386

8.8 (7.9–9.6)

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

50–54

2,969 (9.6)

304

10.2 (9.2–11.4)

1.19 (1.01–1.39)

1.19 (1.01–1.40)

55–59

2,015 (6.5)

230

11.4 (10.1–12.9)

1.34 (1.28–1.59)

1.32 (1.11–1.58)

60–64

1,053 (3.4)

119

11.3 (9.5–13.4)

1.33 (1.07–1.65)

1.34 (1.07–1.68)

Total

30,829

3401

11.0 (10.7–11.4)

  

Marital Status

Unmarried

3, 362 (10.9)

600

17.9 (16.6–19.2)

1.96 (1.78–2.16)

1.65 (1.48–1.83)

Married/Civil Union

27,467 (89.1)

2,801

10.2 (9.8–10.6)

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

Age of Sexual Debut

≤17

11,221 (36.4)

1,333

11.9 (11.3–12.5)

1.13 (1.05–1.20)

1.04 (0.97–1.13)

≥18

19,591 (63.6)

2,067

10.6 (10.1–11.0)

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

Number of Lifetime Sexual Partnersc

1 partner

21,832 (70.8)

1,950

8.9 (8.6–9.3)

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

2 partners

5,910 (19.2)

879

14.9 (14.0–15.8)

1.77 (1.62–1.93)

1.61 (1.47–1.76)

≥3 partners

2,940 (9.5)

556

18.9 (17.5–20.4)

2.34 (2.11–2.59)

1.96 (1.75–2.19)

Number of Sexual Partners in the Last 12 Monthsc

0 partners

5,724 (18.6)

686

12.0 (11.2–12.9)

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

1 partner

24,792 (78.2)

2,659

10.7 (10.3–11.1)

0.87 (0.79–0.95)

0.96 (0.87–1.05)

≥2 partners

111 (0.4)

32

28.8 (21.2–37.9)

2.9 (1.90–4.41)

1.75 (1.13–2.70)

Parity

0

7,091 (23.1)

785

11.1 (10.4–11.8)

1 (ref)

 

1 or 2

8,511 (27.6)

967

11.4 (10.7–12.1)

1.04 (0.94–1.15)

 

3 or more

15,049 (48.8)

1,631

10.8 (10.4–11.3)

1.05 (0.96–1.16)

 

History of Hormonal Contraception

Yes

6,417 (20.8)

790

12.3 (11.5–13.1)

1.17 (1.07–1.27)

1.10 (1.01–1.20)

No

24,154 (78.1)

2,587

10.7 (10.3–11.1)

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

Current IUD Use

Yes

10,170 (33.0)

1,164

11.5 (10.8–12.1)

1.05 (0.98–1.14)

 

No

19,887 (64.5)

2,153

10.8 (10.4–11.3)

1 (ref)

 

Condom Use in the last 12 months

Never

25,557 (82.9)

2,682

10.5 (10.1–10.9)

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

Almost always

2,777 (9.0)

373

13.4 (12.2–14.8)

1.27 (1.13–1.43)

1.15 (1.01–1.29)

Always

1,716 (5.6)

253

14.7 (13.1–16.5)

1.42 (1.23–1.63)

1.26 (1.09–1.46)

History of a Previous STI

Yes

979 (3.2)

182

18.6 (16.3–21.1)

1.91 (1.62–2.25)

1.54 (1.30–1.84)

No

29,424 (95.4)

3,161

10.7 (10.4–11.1)

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

Tobacco Use

Never

29,238 (94.8)

3,160

10.8 (10.5–11.2)

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

Ever

964 (3.1)

175

18.2 (15.8–20.7)

1.77 (1.49–2.10)

1.23 (1.03–1.47)

  1. Abbreviations: STI sexually transmitted infections, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
  2. aOdds ratios for all the variables with the exception of age itself are adjusted for age. Age was included in the model as a categorical variable (30–34, 35–39, 40–44, 45–49, 50–54, 55–59, 60–64); bAssociation test was adjusted for age, marital status, age of sexual debut, number of lifetime sexual partners, number of sexual partners in the last 12 months, history of hormonal contraception, condom use in the last 12 months, history of a previous STI, and tobacco use; cWomen who reported zero lifetime sexual partners were excluded
  3. Statistically significant p values ≤ 0.05 of the OR's are marked in bold font