Table 4 Clinical characteristics based on disease severitya: Comparison between DENV co-infections and mono-infections
Characteristic | All patients (n = 262) (%) | All mono-infections (n = 222) (%) | All co-infectionsb (n = 40) (%) | OR (95 % CI) | DENV-1 mono-infections (n = 170) (%) | DENV-1 co-infectionsc (n = 39) (%) | OR (95 % CI) | DENV-2 mono-infections (n = 44) (%) | DENV-2 co-infectionsd (n = 35) (%) | OR (95 % CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Any warning signs | 204 (77.9) | 168 (75.7) | 36 (90) | 2.89 (0.99-8.50)* | 134 (78.8) | 35 (89.7) | 2.35 (0.78-7.05) | 29 (65.9) | 32 (91.4) | 5.52 (1.45-21.02)* |
Persistent vomiting | 114 (43.5) | 99 (44.6) | 15 (37.5) | 0.75 (0.37-1.49) | 82 (48.2) | 15 (38.5) | 0.67 (0.33-1.37) | 14 (31.8) | 13 (37.1) | 1.27 (0.50-3.22) |
Abdominal pain/tenderness | 119 (45.4) | 100 (45) | 19 (47.5) | 1.10 (0.56-2.17) | 81 (47.6) | 19 (48.7) | 1.04 (0.52-2.09) | 17 (38.6) | 16 (45.7) | 1.34 (0.54-3.29) |
Mucosal bleeding | 64 (24.4) | 52 (23.4) | 12 (30) | 1.40 (0.67-2.95) | 38 (22.4) | 12 (30.8) | 1.54 (0.72-3.33) | 10 (22.7) | 12 (34.3) | 1.77 (0.66-4.78) |
Tender hepatomegaly | 9 (3.4) | 7 (3.2) | 2 (5) | 1.62 (0.32-8.08) | 3 (1.8) | 2 (5.1) | 3.01 (0.49-18.65) | 4(9.1) | 2 (5.7) | 0.61 (0.10-3.52) |
Pleural effusion | 6 (2.3) | 2 (0.9) | 4 (10) | 12.22 (2.16-69.19)* | 2 (1.2) | 4 (10.3) | 9.6 (1.69-54.48)* | 0 | 4 (11.4) | OR Undefined* ( p = 0.035) |
Increasing haematocrit with decreasing platelets | 64 (24.4) | 52 (23.4) | 12 (30) | 1.40 (0.67-2.95) | 41 (24.1) | 11 (28.2) | 1.24 (0.57-2.70) | 10 (22.7) | 11 (31.4) | 1.56 (0.57-4.25) |
Any severe dengue manifestations | 17 (6.5) | 11 (5) | 6 (15) | 3.39 (1.174-9.76)* | 9 (5.3) | 6 (15.4) | 3.25 (1.08-9.76)* | 1 (2.3) | 5 (14.3) | 7.17 (0.80-64.49) |
Shock | 4 (1.5) | 3 (1.4) | 1 (2.5) | 1.87 (0.19-18.46) | 2 (1.2) | 1 (2.6) | 2.21 (0.20-25.01) | 1 (2.3) | 0 | OR Undefined |
Fluid accumulation with respiratory distress | 7 (2.7) | 3 (1.4) | 4 (10) | 8.11 (1.74-37.76)* | 3 (1.8) | 4 (10.3) | 6.36 (1.36-29.70)* | 0 | 4 (11.4) | OR Undefined* ( p = 0.035) |
Severe bleeding | 2 (0.8) | 2 (0.9) | 0 | OR Undefined | 1 (0.6) | 0 | OR Undefined | 0 | 0 | NA |
Severe organ involvement | 9 (3.4) | 7 (3.2) | 2 (5.0) | 1.62 (0.32-8.08) | 7 (4.1) | 2 (5.1) | 1.26 (0.25-6.31) | 0 | 2 (5.7) | OR Undefined |
ICU | 4 (1.5) | 4 (1.8) | 0 | OR Undefined | 4 (2.4) | 0 | OR Undefined | 0 | 0 | NA |
Oxygen supplementation | 7 (2.7) | 5 (2.3) | 2 (5) | 2.28 (0.43-12.20) | 5 (2.9) | 2 (5.1) | 1.78 (0.33-9.55) | 0 | 2 (5.7) | OR Undefined |
Mechanical ventilation | 4 (1.5) | 4 (1.8) | 0 | OR Undefined | 4 (2.4) | 0 | OR Undefined | 0 | 0 | NA |
Hospitalization > 3 days | 96 (36.6) | 84 (37.8) | 12 (30) | 0.70 (0.34-1.46) | 60 (35.3) | 12 (30.8) | 0.82 (0.39-1.72) | 21 (47.7) | 11 (31.4) | 0.50 (0.20-1.27) |