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Table 2 Clinical variables at time of hospital admission: comparison between DENV co-infections and mono-infections

From: Impact of dengue virus (DENV) co-infection on clinical manifestations, disease severity and laboratory parameters

Characteristic

All patients

(n = 262) (%)

All mono-infections

(n = 222) (%)

All co-infectionsa

(n = 40) (%)

OR (95 % CI)

DENV-1 mono-infections

(n = 170) (%)

DENV-1 co-infectionsb

(n = 39) (%)

OR (95 % CI)

DENV-2 mono-infections

(n = 44) (%)

DENV-2 co-infectionsc

(n = 35) (%)

OR (95 % CI)

Secondary

82 (31.3)

70 (31.5)

12 (30)

0.931 (0.45-1.94)

59 (34.7)

12 (30.8)

0.84 (0.4-1.8)

10 (22.7)

8 (22.9)

1.01 (0.35-2.9)

Pediatric

38 (14.5)

30 (13.5)

8(20)

1.6 (0.67-3.80)

23 (13.5)

8 (20.5)

1.65 (0.68-4.03)

6 (13.6)

7 (20)

1.58 (0.48-5.23)

Age > 55 years

18 (6.9)

14 (6.3)

4 (10)

1.65 (0.51-5.30)

12 (7.1)

4 (10.3)

1.51 (0.46-4.94)

1 (2.3)

3 (8.6)

4.03 (0.40-40.57)

Male

146 (55.7)

123 (55.4)

23 (57.5)

1.09 (0.55-2.15)

89 (52.4)

22 (56.4)

1.18 (0.58-2.37)

29 (65.9)

21 (60.0)

0.78 (0.31-1.95)

Pregnancy

14 (5.3)

12 (5.4)

2 (5)

0.92 (0.2-4.28)

9 (5.3)

2 (5.1)

0.97 (0.20-4.66)

2 (4.5)

2 (5.7)

1.27 (0.17-9.52)

Comorbidity

52 (19.8)

45 (20.3)

7 (17.5)

0.83 (0.35-2.01)

38 (22.4)

6 (15.4)

0.63 (0.25-1.62)

7 (15.9)

6 (17.1)

1.09 (0.33-3.61)

Fever

260 (99.2)

220 (99.1)

40 (100)

1.18 (1.12-1.25)

169 (99.4)

39 (100)

1.23 (1.15-1.31)

43 (97.7)

35 (100)

1.81 (1.49-2.22)

Chills and rigors

117 (44.7)

101 (45.5)

16 (40)

0.80 (0.40-1.59)

78 (45.9)

15 (38.5)

0.74 (0.36-1.50)

18 (40.9)

15 (42.9)

1.08 (0.44-2.66)

Headache

125 (47.7)

102 (45.9)

23 (57.5)

1.59 (0.81-3.14)

78 (45.9)

22 (56.4)

1.53 (0.76-3.08)

20 (45.5)

20 (57.1)

1.6 (0.65-3.91)

Cough

30 (11.5)

28 (12.6)

2 (5)

0.37 (0.08-1.60)

20 (11.8)

2 (5.1)

0.41 (0.09-1.81)

8 (18.2)

2 (5.7)

0.27 (0.05-1.38)

Nausea

72 (27.5)

59 (26.6)

13 (32.5)

1.33 (0.64-2.75)

41 (24.1)

13 (33.3)

1.57 (0.74-3.34)

15 (34.1)

10 (28.6)

0.77 (0.30-2.03)

Vomit

164 (62.6)

141 (63.5)

23 (57.5)

0.78 (0.39-1.54)

111 (65.3)

22 (56.4)

0.69 (0.34-1.40)

26 (59.1)

20 (57.1)

0.92 (0.38-2.2)

Anorexia

101 (38.7)

83 (37.4)

18 (45)

1.37 (0.69-2.70)

61 (35.9)

18 (46.2)

1.53 (0.76-3.09)

21 (47.7)

16 (45.7)

0.92 (0.38-2.25)

Abdominal pain

103 (39.3)

91 (41.0)

12 (30)

0.62 (0.30-1.28)

73 (42.9)

12 (30.8)

0.59 (0.28-1.24)

16 (36.4)

9 (25.7)

0.61 (0.23-1.61)

Diarrhoea

120 (45.8)

109 (49.1)

11 (27.5)

0.39 (0.19-0.83)*

82 (48.2)

10 (25.9)

0.37 (0.17-0.81)*

23 (52.3)

9 (25.7)

0.32 (0.12-0.83)*

Myalgia

156 (59.5)

134 (60.4)

22 (55)

0.80 (0.41-1.58)

95 (55.9)

21 (53.8)

0.92 (0.46-1.85)

34 (77.3)

19 (54.3)

0.35 (0.13-0.92)*

Arthralgia

149 (56.9)

128 (57.7)

21 (52.5)

0.81 (0.41-1.60)

90 (52.9)

20 (51.3)

0.94 (0.47-1.88)

35 (79.5)

20 (57.1)

0.34 (0.13-0.93)*

Rash

39 (14.9)

35 (15.8)

4 (10)

0.59 (0.20-1.77)

23 (13.5)

4 (10.3)

0.73 (0.24-2.25)

11 (25)

4 (11.4)

0.39 (0.11-1.34)

Neurological

20 (7.6)

17(7.7)

3 (7.5)

0.98 (0.27-3.50)

14 (8.2)

3 (7.7)

0.93 (0.25-3.40)

2 (4.5)

2 (5.7)

1.27 (0.17-9.52)

Haemorrhagic symptoms

45 (17.2)

40(18.0)

5 (12.5)

0.65 (0.24-1.76)

34 (20)

5 (12.8)

0.59 (0.21-1.62)

2 (4.5)

4 (11.4)

2.71 (0.47-15.75)

Documented fever

189 (72.1)

159(71.6)

30 (75)

1.19 (0.55-2.58)

120 (70.6)

29 (74.4)

1.21 (0.55-2.67)

31 (70.5)

25 (71.4)

1.05 (0.39-2.79)

Tachypnoea

32 (12.3)

28(12.6)

4 (10)

0.77 (0.26-2.33)

20 (11.8)

4 (10.3)

0.86 (0.28-2.67)

8 (18.2)

4 (11.4)

0.58 (0.16-2.12)

Tachycardia

64 (24.4)

53(23.9)

11 (27.5)

1.21 (0.57-2.59)

47 (27.6)

11 (28.2)

1.03 (0.47-2.23)

6 (13.6)

10 (28.6)

2.53 (0.82-7.85)

Hypotension

22 (8.4)

20(9)

2 (5)

0.53 (0.12-2.37)

17 (10)

2 (5.1)

0.49 (0.11-2.20)

3 (6.8)

1 (2.9)

0.40 (0.04-4.04)

  1. Bold* type represents significance at p < 0.05
  2. aDENV-1/DENV-2 (n = 34), DENV-1/DENV-3 (n = 5), DENV-2/DENV-3 (n = 1); bDENV-1/DENV-2 (n = 34), DENV-1/DENV-3 (n = 5); cDENV-2/DENV-1 (n = 34), DENV-2/DENV-3 (n = 1)