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Table 2 Logistic regression analyses to investigate demographic and social determinants associated with HSV-1 and HSV-2 seropositivity

From: Herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in the Netherlands: seroprevalence, risk factors and changes during a 12-year period

 

HSV-1

HSV-2

 

Childrena

Adultsa

Adultsa

 

OR [95 % CI]b

aOR [95 % CI]

OR [95 % CI]b

aOR [95 % CI]

OR [95 % CI]b

aOR [95 % CI]

Pienter

 Pienter-1

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 Pienter-2

0.69 [0.55-0.86]

0.68 [0.54-0.85]

0.79 [0.66-0.94]

0.80 [0.67-0.96]

0.94 [0.71-1.25]

0.90 [0.68-1.21]

Gender

 Men

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 Women

1.28 [1.09-1.51]

1.32 [1.12-1.56]

1.22 [1.07-1.40]

1.20 [1.04-1.37]

1.46 [1.22-1.74]

1.46 [1.22-1.75]

Age (continuously)

1.21 [1.18-1.23]

1.23 [1.20-1.26]

1.06 [1.05-1.07]

1.05 [1.04-1.06]

1.05 [1.04-1.07]

1.04 [1.03-1.06]

Ethnicity

 Native Dutch

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 Western, other

1.01 [0.64-1.59]

1.03 [0.66-1.62]

1.35 [1.06-1.70]

1.42 [1.12-1.80]

1.23 [0.85-1.78]

1.21 [0.84-1.76]

 Moroccan/Turkish

4.02 [2.80-5.78]

4.00 [2.74-5.83]

15.80 [8.15-30.64]

16.30 [8.15-32.61]

0.78 [0.35-1.72]

0.84 [0.37-1.92]

 Surinamese/Aruban/Antillean

2.24 [1.67-3.01]

2.55 [1.89-3.43]

2.46 [1.52-4.00]

2.74 [1.69-4.46]

1.85 [1.01-3.37]

2.02 [1.11-3.66]

 Non-Western, other

2.45 [1.75-3.42]

2.60 [1.78-3.78]

4.47 [2.65-7.56]

4.79 [2.74-8.37]

1.87 [1.05-3.30]

1.98 [1.12-3.49]

Generation of migrantc

 Native Dutch

Ref.

-

Ref.

-

Ref.

-

 1st generation

3.29 [2.36-4.57]

-

4.84 [3.49-6.70]

-

1.59 [1.11-2.28]

-

 2nd generation

1.94 [1.48-2.53]

-

1.38 [1.04-1.83]

-

1.05 [0.68-1.62]

-

Degree of urbanization

 Very high

1.12 [0.85-1.48]

1.16 [0.89-1.50]

0.90 [0.74-1.08]

0.97 [0.81-1.15]

1.07 [0.75-1.52]

1.04 [0.73-1.48]

 Less high

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Education leveld

 Moderate or low

1.43 [1.16-1.77]

1.44 [1.16-1.80]

1.26 [1.07-1.47]

1.23 [1.05-1.45]

0.69 [0.55-0.88]

0.70 [0.55-0.89]

 High

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 Unknown

2.06 [1.19-3.57]

1.53 [0.79-2.98]

1.35 [0.67-2.70]

1.80 [0.85-3.82]

1.10 [0.43-2.85]

1.14 [0.41-3.12]

Household

 1-2 persons

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

-

-

 3-4 persons

1.58 [0.84-2.95]

1.57 [0.84-2.93]

1.17 [1.02-1.34]

1.14 [0.99-1.31]

-

-

 > = 5 persons

1.64 [0.86-3.13]

1.69 [0.89-3.20]

1.08 [0.89-1.30]

1.10 [0.90-1.34]

-

-

 Unknown

3.94 [2.17-7.16]

3.94 [1.93-8.04]

1.15 [0.65-2.03]

2.04 [1.03-4.04]

-

-

Child in household attending day care

 No

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

-

-

 Yes

0.95 [0.71-1.28]

0.95 [0.71-1.26]

1.17 [0.98-1.41]

1.14 [0.94-1.39]

-

-

 Unknown

1.41 [0.95-2.08]

1.20 [0.58-2.50]

0.48 [0.29-0.78]

0.33 [0.18-0.58]

-

-

Child attending day care

 No

Ref.

Ref.

-

-

-

-

 Yes

1.41 [1.07-1.85]

1.50 [1.12-2.01]

-

-

-

-

 Unknown

1.31 [0.87-1.97]

0.79 [0.36-1.73]

-

-

-

-

Ever had sexual intercourse

 No

-

-

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 Yes

-

-

1.63 [1.29-2.06]

1.69 [1.33-2.16]

2.47 [1.28-4.74]

2.35 [1.23-4.52]

 Unknown

-

-

1.38 [0.98-1.95]

1.39 [0.97-1.99]

2.43 [1.13-5.22]

2.22 [1.03-4.81]

  1. Logistic regression analyses were unweighted, corrected for the complex survey design
  2. In bold: OR is statistically significant (p < 0.05)
  3. HSV herpes simplex virus; OR odds ratio; aOR adjusted odds ratio; CI confidence interval; Ref reference
  4. aChildren were aged 6 months to 11 years and adults were aged 17 – 44 years in Pienter-1 and 15 – 44 years in Pienter-2
  5. bOR adjusted for: gender, age, ethnicity and degree of urbanization
  6. cNot adjusted for ethnicity and not included in multivariable analyses
  7. dFor children, the education level of the parents was used