Risk factor | Any HPV | HR-HPV | Multiple HPV | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No (%) | COR (95Â % CI) | p | AOR (95Â % CI) | p | No (%) | COR (95Â % CI) | p | AOR (95Â % CI) | p | No (%) | COR (95Â % CI) | p | AOR (95Â % CI) | p | |
Gender | |||||||||||||||
 Male | 124 (89.2) | Ref |  |  |  | 97 (88.2) | Ref |  |  |  | 99 (87.6) | Ref |  |  |  |
 Transgender (MTF) | 15 (10.8) | 1.0 |  |  |  | 13 (11.8) | 5.3 (1.16–24.16) | 0.031 |  |  | 14 (12.4) | 10.9 (1.40–84.63) | 0.022 |  |  |
Ethnicity | |||||||||||||||
 Black | 46 (33.1) | Ref |  | Ref |  | 40 (36.4) | Ref |  | Ref |  | 39 (34.5) | Ref |  |  |  |
 Coloured | 35 (25.2) | 0.4 (0.18–0.88) | 0.023 | 0.5 (0.15–1.42) | 0.177 | 24 (21.8) | 0.3 (0.15–0.67) | 0.003 | 0.4 (0.13–0.96) | 0.042 | 26 (23.0) | 0.4 (0.19–0.82) | 0.013 |  |  |
 White | 55 (39.6) | 1.2 (0.50–2.83) | 0.685 | 0.5 (0.17–1.74) | 0.303 | 45 (40.9) | 0.9 (0.44–1.95) | 0.847 | 0.5 (0.19–1.46) | 0.219 | 47 (41.6) | 1.2 (0.54–2.42) | 0.717 |  |  |
 Other | 3 (2.2) | 0.9 (0.08–8.85) | 0.890 | 0.2 (0.01–2.14) | 0.162 | 1 (0.9) | 0.2 (0.02–1.62) | 0.121 | 0.0 (0.00–0.55) | 0.016 | 1 (0.9) | 0.2 (0.02–1.75) | 0.137 |  |  |
Residence | |||||||||||||||
 City/suburbs | 96 (69.1) | Ref |  |  |  | 73 (66.4) | Ref |  |  |  | 76 (67.3) | Ref |  |  |  |
 Informal settlement | 33 (23.7) | 1.6 (0.72–3.73) | 0.236 |  |  | 28 (25.5) | 1.8 (0.88–3.73) | 0.108 |  |  | 28 (24.8) | 1.7 (0.80–3.42) | 0.171 |  |  |
 Outside city | 10 (7.2) | 1.0 |  |  |  | 9 (8.2) | 8.1 (1.00–65.96) | 0.050 |  |  | 9 (8.0) | 7.5 (0.92–60.49) | 0.060 |  |  |
Income status | |||||||||||||||
 No income | 24 (17.3) | Ref |  |  |  | 18 (16.4) | Ref |  |  |  | 20 (17.7) | Ref |  |  |  |
 Income | 115 (82.7) | 2.1 (1.02–4.44) | 0.044 |  |  | 92 (83.6) | 1.9 (0.94–3.85) | 0.072 |  |  | 93 (82.3) | 1.6 (0.80–3.23) | 0.187 |  |  |
Sexual behaviour | |||||||||||||||
Sex partners | |||||||||||||||
 Men and women | 11 (2.9) | Ref |  | Ref |  | 8 (7.3) | Ref |  | Ref |  | 7 (6.2) | Ref |  | Ref |  |
 Men only | 128 (92.1) | 15.9 (6.95–36.24) | <0.001 | 10.9 (3.88–30.81) | <0.001 | 102 (92.7) | 8.8 (3.75–20.41) | <0.001 | 4.6 (1.63–12.74) | 0.005 | 106 (93.8) | 11.7 (4.82–28.39) | <0.001 | 5.5 (1.92–15.51) | 0.001 |
Engaged in group sex in lifetime | |||||||||||||||
 No | 40 (28.8) | Ref |  | Ref |  | 30 (27.3) | Ref |  | Ref |  | 34 (30.1) | Ref |  |  |  |
 Yes | 99 (71.2) | 2.9 (1.50–5.57) | 0.002 | 4.7 (1.79–12.43) | 0.002 | 80 (72.7) | 2.4 (1.29–4.32) | 0.006 | 3.1 (1.35–7.07) | 0.006 | 79 (69.9) | 1.8 (0.98–3.28) | 0.057 |  |  |
Shared sex toys in past 12Â months | |||||||||||||||
 No | 111 (79.9) | Ref |  |  |  | 85 (77.3) | Ref |  |  |  | 88 (77.9) | Ref |  |  |  |
 Yes | 28 (20.1) | 1.9 (0.75–4.98) | 0.172 |  |  | 25 (22.7) | 2.4 (1.03–5.36) | 0.042 |  |  | 25 (22.1) | 2.2 (0.95–4.97) | 0.064 |  |  |
Transactional sex | |||||||||||||||
 No | 92 (66.2) | Ref |  |  |  | 74 (67.3) | Ref |  |  |  | 79 (69.9) | Ref |  |  |  |
 Paid and/or received money | 47 (33.8) | 0.6 (0.29–1.05) | 0.072 |  |  | 36 (32.7) | 0.6 (0.34–1.10) | 0.100 |  |  | 34 (30.1) | 0.5 (0.25–0.82) | 0.010 |  |  |
HIV serostatus | |||||||||||||||
 Negative | 61 (43.9) | Ref |  | Ref |  | 41 (37.3) | Ref |  | Ref |  | 40 (35.4) | Ref |  | Ref |  |
 Positive | 78 (56.1) | 8.2 (3.46–19.50) | <0.001 | 4.1 (1.52–11.22) | 0.006 | 69 (62.7) | 6.8 (3.50–13.36) | <0.001 | 4.0 (1.82–8.65) | <0.001 | 73 (64.6) | 10.0 (4.86–20.74) | <0.001 | 6.9 (3.10–15.42) | <0.001 |
Receptive anal intercourse with men | |||||||||||||||
 Never practised | 24 (17.3) | Ref |  |  |  | 14 (12.7) | Ref |  | Ref |  | 14 (12.4) | Ref |  | Ref |  |
 Practised | 115 (82.7) | 7.7 (3.77–15.61) | <0.001 | 3.3 (1.36–8.09) | 0.009 | 96 (87.3) | 11.0 (4.97–24.21) | <0.001 | 4.3 (1.80–10.13) | 0.001 | 99 (87.6) | 11.3 (5.13–24.95) | <0.001 | 4.2 (1.79–9.65) | 0.001 |
Anal gonorrhoea | |||||||||||||||
 Negative | 125 (89.9) | Ref |  |  |  | 98 (89.1) | Ref |  |  |  | 100 (88.5) | Ref |  |  |  |
 Positive | 14 (10.1) | 1.0 |  |  |  | 12 (10.9) | 4.8 (1.05–22.25) | 0.043 |  |  | 13 (11.5) | 10.0 (1.28–78.19) | 0.028 |  |  |