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Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of 345 patients with healthcare-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia according to the appropriateness of initial empirical antimicrobial therapy

From: Effects of inappropriate empirical antibiotic therapy on mortality in patients with healthcare-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a propensity-matched analysis

Variables

All (n = 345)

Appropriate (n = 154, 44.6 %)

Inappropriate (n = 191, 55.4 %)

Odds ratio (95 % confidence interval)

Male sex

154 (44.6)

97 (43.9)

124 (56.1)

0.92 (0.59–1.43)

Age (years), median (IQR)

67 (52–75)

66 (51–74)

67 (53–75)

0.99 (0.98–1.01)

Category of infection

    

 Healthcare-associateda

51 (14.8)

29 (18.8)

22 (11.5)

1.78 (0.98–3.25)

 Nosocomial

294 (85.2)

125 (81.2)

169 (88.5)

Comorbidity

    

 Malignancy

97 (28.1)

47 (30.5)

50 (26.2)

0.81 (0.50–1.29)

 Metabolic

122 (35.4)

52 (33.8)

70 (36.6)

1.14 (0.73–1.77)

 Trauma

29 (8.4)

10 (6.5)

19 (9.9)

1.59 (0.72–3.53)

 Charlson’s comorbidity indexb, median (IQR)

2 (1–4)

2 (1–5)

2 (1–4)

1.09 (1.00–1.20)

Primary focus of HA-MRSAB

 CR-BSI

177 (51.3)

93 (60.4)

84 (44.0)

0.52 (0.34–0.79)

 Pneumonia

40 (11.6)

13 (8.4)

27 (14.1)

1.79 (0.89–3.59)

Clinical severity

 Development of severe sepsis or septic shock

99 (28.7)

50 (32.5)

49 (25.7)

0.72 (0.45–1.15)

 Pitt’s bacteremia score at onset of bacteremiac, median (IQR)

1 (0–2)

1 (0–3)

1 (0–2)

1.08 (0.96–1.21)

Predisposing factors

    

 Surgical operation

84 (24.3)

29 (18.8)

55 (28.8)

1.74 (1.05–2.91)

 Foreign body retention

15 (4.3)

12 (7.8)

3 (1.6)

0.189 (0.05–0.69)

 Prior antibiotics use

219 (63.5)

99 (64.3)

120 (62.8)

0.94 (0.60–1.46)

 Vancomycin MIC, mg/L

1 (1–1.5)

1 (1–1.5)

1 (1–1.5)

1.57 (0.81–3.04)

Outcomes

    

 In-hospital mortality

114 (33.0)

51 (33.1)

63 (33.0)

0.99 (0.63–1.56)

 MRSAB-related mortality

57 (16.5)

24 (15.6)

33 (17.3)

1.13 (0.64–2.01)

  1. IQR interquartile range, APACHE acute physiology and chronic health evaluation, CR-BSI catheter-related bloodstream infection, MIC minimum inhibitory concentration, MRSAB methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia
  2. aMRSAB diagnosed within 48 h of hospital admission was considered healthcare-associated infection, if the patient presented with any healthcare-associated factor in the preceding 3 months
  3. bCharlson’s comorbidity score was calculated at the onset of MRSA bacteremia infection
  4. cPitt’s bacteremia score and APACHE II scores were assessed at the onset of MRSA bacteremia