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Table 4 Risk of bias assessment using Public Health Ontario’s meta-tool for quality assessment [25]

From: Underreporting of hepatitis A in non-endemic countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Item

Criteria

Backer 2001 [34]

Boehmer 2011 [35]

Klompas 2008 [36]

Matin 2006 [40]

Overhage 2008 [39]

Roels 1998 [37]

Sickbert-Bennett 2011 [41]

Simmons 2002 [38]

Relevancy

Topic(s) relevant

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Validity

Presented objectively

Unclear

Unclear

Unclear

Unclear

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Conclusions justified

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Reliability

Clear methods

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Unclear

Unclear

Yes

Unclear

Appropriate methods

Unclear

Yes

Yes

Yes

Unclear

Unclear

Yes

Yes

Free from bias

No

Yes

Unclear

No

Unclear

Unclear

No

Unclear

Ethics described

Unclear

Unclear

Unclear

Unclear

No

Unclear

Yes

Yes

Confident in findings

Unclear

Yes

Unclear

Unclear

No

No

Unclear

No

Applicability

Applicable

Unclear

Yes

Yes

Unclear

Unclear

Yes

Yes

Yes

Overall Risk

High

Low

Moderate

Moderate

High

Moderate

Low

Moderate