Table 3 Characteristics of eight included studies published between January 1997 and May 2015
From: Underreporting of hepatitis A in non-endemic countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Study Characteristics | Methods | Results | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study and Year | Location | Time Period | Study Population | Notification to Public Health | Design | Referent Data of Diagnosed Cases | Diagnostic criteria | Consistent with surveillance criteria and possible effect | % Report | N |
Backer HD et al. 2001 [34] | California, US | 1997 | Kaiser Permanente Northern California members | Mandatory dual reporting | Data Linkage | Laboratory Tests | Positive IgM HAV antibody | No; Under-estimate completeness | 88.4Â % | 402 |
Boehmer TK et al. 2011 [35] | Colorado, US | 2003–2005 | Population-based | Mandatory dual reporting | Data Linkage | Inpatient hospital discharges and medical chart review | ICD-9-CM codes 070.0 and 070.1 with review using surveillance definition | Yes | 67 % | 6 |
Klompas M et al. 2008 [36] | Massachu-setts, US | June 2006–July 2007 | Patients of a multi-specialty group practice of 35 clinics | Not described | Data Linkage | Electronic medical records with e-support for public health system (ESP) | ALT or AST >2 times upper normal limit, or ICD-9 code 782.4 for jaundice, and positive IgM HAV antibody | No; Over-estimate | 25 % | 4 |
Matin N et al. 2006 [40] | England (North East and East Midlands), UK | 2002 and 2003 | Population-based | Mandatory reporting by physicians; voluntary reporting by laboratories with good participation | CRC | 1. Cases identified by local public health, 2. laboratory tests and 3. genotyping results | Not described | Unclear | 81.7Â % (outbreak a) and 27.8Â % (outbreak b) | 236 and 1107 |
Overhage JM et al. 2008 [39] | Indiana- polis, Indiana, US | First quarter of 2001 | Population-based | Mandatory dual reporting | Data Linkage | Hospital infection-control databases (IC), and an electronic laboratory reporting (ELR) database | Not described; system scans test results labels for a match to CDC notifiable condition mapping tables | Unclear | 4.0Â % (IC, study a) and 97.3Â % (ELR, study b) | 150 |
Roels TH et al. 1998 [37] | Wisconsin, US | 1995 | Population-based | Mandatory dual reporting | Data Linkage/Compar-ison | Laboratory Tests | Positive IgM HAV antibody | No; Under-estimate | 74Â % | 156 |
Sickbert-Bennett EE et al. 2011 [41] | North Carolina, US | 1995–2006 (excl. 1998, 1999) | Population-based | Mandatory reporting by physicians; dual reporting starting 1998 | Data Linkage | Inpatient hospital discharges and medical chart review | ICD-9-CM (code not specified) with review using surveillance definition | Yes | 40.02 % corrected | 67 |
Simmons G et al. 2002 [38] | Auckland, New Zealand | 2000 | Population-based | Mandatory reporting by physicians; some laboratories | Data Linkage | Laboratory Tests | Positive IgM HAV antibody | No; Under-estimate | 65Â % | 54 |