Ref, site | Population, age (years) | Incidence (95 % CI) | Clearance (95 % CI) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unit | Any | HR | 16 | 18 | Inf. type | Unit | Any | HR | 16 | 18 | ||
Darwich; Spain; Penile [20] | HIV + ve MSM, 20- > 69 | Per 100py | - | - | 1.7 (0.8–2.9) | 0.4 (0.1–1.1) | Prev | Per 100py | - | - | 29.4 (15.1–51.4) | 40.0 (8.2–116.9) |
HIV + ve MSW, 20- > 69 | Per 100py | - | - | 1.4 (0.4–3.7) | 0.3 (ND) | Prev | Per 100py | - | - | 29.5 (10.8–64.2) | 14.6 (−) | |
Videla; Spain; Cervical [64] | HIV + ve women, 20–64 | % at 36 m | - | - | 9 (3.4–18.5) | 7 (2.6–14.6) | Prev | % at 36 m | - | - | 46 (26.6–66.6) | 29 (3.7–71.0) |
Comment: Study period 1999–2003 for women v. 2005–2009 for men | ||||||||||||
Mbulawa; South Africa; Penile [22] | HIV + ve/-ve Men in a relationship, 19–67 | Per 100py | 66.8 (TS, first) (52.3–83.0) | 35.7 (28.1–45.4) | 3.8 (2.2–6.5) | 4.0 (2.4–6.8) | Prev/Inc | Per 100py | 114.1 (TS) (100–130.7) | 124.9 (106.2–144.7) | 121.5 (74.8–197.4) | 160.0 (109.4–234.0) |
Mbulawa; South Africa; Cervical [22] | HIV + ve/-ve Women in a relationship, 18–66 | Per 100py | 40.7 (TS) (31.7–52.2) | 18.7 (13.8–25.7) | 2.4 (1.3–4.7) | 1.4 (0.6–3.3) | Prev/Inc | Per 100py | 80.3 (TS) (68.4–94.2) | 74.7 (61.3–91.4) | 38.9 (16.7–90.5) | 127.9 (85.2–94.2) |
Comment: Incidence and clearance significantly higher in men v. women. In type- adjusted analyses, incidence remained higher in men by age group and HIV status; clearance remained higher in men by age group and HIV + ve (96.4 versus 66.0/100 person-years), but not HIV-ve (128.1 versus 132.1/100 person-years) | ||||||||||||
Giuliano; USA (Arizona); Male genital [25] | Adult men, 18–44 | Per 100py | 46.1 (NTS, total) (41.8–61.2) 35.3 (NTS, first) (27.4–44.9) | 25.0) (19.2–31.9) 18.6) (13.4–25.0) | 5.3 (3.4–9.2) | 1.0 (0.2–2.9) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Giuliano; USA (Arizona); Cervical [32] | Women attending gynecology clinic,18–35 | Per 100py | 35.3 (NTS, first) (24.7–48.8) | - | 7.1 (3.7–12.1) | 1.0 (0.1–3.5) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Comment: Study period 2003–2005 for men v. 1996–1999 for women; follow-up at 6, 12, and 24 months for men v. 4 and 10 months for women. Med time to clearance anal v. cervical: 5.9 m (5.7–6.1) v. ~9 m for any HPV; 5.8 m (5.5–6.1) v. 8.5 m for HR-HPV. PGMY09/11 assay used to detect types 61, 62, 64, 67, 69, 72, 81, IS39, and CP6108 in anal but not cervical samples | ||||||||||||
Sexually active women, 18–85 | Per 100py | 56.3 (NTS, first) (48.5–65.0) | 23.4 (19.2–28.3) | 3.0 (1.8–4.8) | 2.3 (1.2–3.9) | Inc | Per 100py | 89.3 (TS) (67.8–115.4) | 110.0 (83.3–142.4) | 141.2 (73.0–246.7) | 130.0 (47.6–282.8) | |
Goodman; USA (Hawaii); Cervical [41] | Sexually active women, 18–85 | Per 100py | 15.6 (NTS, first) (12.9–18.7) | 11.1 (9.0–13.6) | 2.1 (1.4–3.2) | 0.6 (0.2–1.2) | Inc | Per 100py | 85.1 (TS) (64.2–110.4) | 92.0 (67.8–122.0) | 86.4 (41.4–158.9) | 69.7 (14.4–203.6) |
Comment: 431 of 972 women in cervical analysis as per availability of anal sample, complete questionnaire data, and valid HPV testing results. Med time to clearance anal v. cervical: 7.8 m (5.2–9.2) v. 8.5 m (5.8–12.6) for any HPV; 4.9 m (4.3–8.0) v. 8.0 m (5.5–11.8) for HR HPV; 4.3 m (3.4–11.4) v. 9.5 m (4.4–23.8) for HPV16; 6.9 (4.6–12.0) v. 14.0 (4.8–ND) for HPV18 | ||||||||||||
Moscicki;USA; (California); Anal [40] | Sexually active women, 13–21 | - | - | - | - | - | Prev | % at 12 m | - | 29.7 (TS 2 + neg) (19.0–41.7) | - | - |
Moscicki;USA (California); Cervical [42] | Sexually active women, 13–22 | - | - | - | - | - | Prev | % at 12 m | - | ~35 % (NTS) | - | - |
Comment: Anal and cervical analyses conducted on two partially overlapping cohorts of 75 and 531 women, respectively. Clearance defined as time to first of 2 consecutive negative results; data for any HPV not presented as cervical assay detected only 5 of 19 low-risk types detected by anal infection assay. HPV types 68, 69, 73, and 82 defined as HR types in analysis of anal but not cervical infection; ~35 % clearance at 12 m for cervical infections estimated from provided Kaplan-Meier curves | ||||||||||||
Winer; USA; Vulvovaginal [43] | Female university students, 18–20 | 100py | 16.0 (NTS, first) (13.7–18.6) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Winer; USA; Cervical [43] | Female university students, 18–20 | 100py | 12.7 (NTS, first) (10.8–14.9) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Comment: Separate vulvovaginal and cervical swabs collected from 444 initially HPV-DNA-negative women. 35.4 % of infections were present at both sites | ||||||||||||
Kero, Finland, Male Genital [30] | Partners of pregnant women, 20–52 | % at 7 years | 32.3 (NTS) (16.7–51.4) | - | - | - | Prev | % at 7 years | 90 (TS) (55.5–99.7) | - | - | - |
Kero; Finland; Oral [30] | Pregnant women, 19–46 | % at 7 years | 14.0 (NTS) (5.3–27.9) | - | - | - | Prev | % at 7 years | 100 (TS) (29.2–100) | - | - | - |
Kero; Finland; Cervical [30] | Pregnant women, 19–46 | % at 7 years | 16.7 (NTS) (6.4–32.8) | - | - | - | Prev | % at 7 years | 70 (TS) (34.8–93.3) | - | - | - |
Comment: Analysis based on only 46 men and 46 women returning for follow-up at 84 months. At year 7 the same infecting HPV genotype was detected in 11 % (95 % CI 0.3–48.2) and 30 % (6.7–65.2) of mean and women, respectively. HPV status during interval visits was not taken into account. |