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Table 2 Incidence and clearance of penile and other male genital HPV infections

From: The incidence, clearance and persistence of non-cervical human papillomavirus infections: a systematic review of the literature

Author (ref)

Population, age (years)

Incidence

Clearance

  

Unit

Any HPV

HR

16

18

Type of Infection

Unit of clearance

Any HPV

HR

16

18

Penile

            

Tobian [19]

HIV-ve, 15–49 HIV + ve,15–49

per 100py

 

32.9 (TS) (30.0–36.0)

66.5 (60.4–72.2)

4.2

(3.1–5.6)

10.4

(6.9–14.7)

3.7

(2.6–5.0)

8.0

(5.1–11.8)

Prevalent

per 100py

 

170.2 (TS)

(156.7–184.4)

114.7

(103.3–129.1)

168.2

(130.0–213.9)

70.3

(47.1–101.0)

178.3

(125.6–245.8)

122.8

(83.4–174.3)

Gray [18]

HIV-ve I, 15–49 HIV-ve C, 15–49

per 100py

-

19.7 (15.3–24.9)

29.4 (24.6–34.9)

3.7

(1.0–6.3)

4.9

(3.1–7.6)

1.7

(0.6–3.7)

5.6

(3.6–8.4)

Prevalent

per 100py

  

190.9

(118.2–291.8)

167.6

(113.9–237.8)

285.7

(158.4–466.8)

157.9

(88.4–260.4)

Serwadda [16]

HIV + ve I, 15–49 HIV + ve C, 15–49

% at 24 m

-

42.0 (TS) (31.1–55.5)

57.0 (46.3–67.2)

5.8

(1.6–14.2)

14.9

(7.7–25.0)

4.3

(0.9–12.0)

11.1

(5.2–20.1)

Prevalent

% at 24 m

  

66.7

(34.9–90.1)

63.2

(38.4–83.7)

72.7

(39.0–94.0)

91.7

(61.5–99.8)

Kjaer [63]

Military, 18–29

% at 6 m

13.8 (NTS) (8.6–19.0)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Backes [17]

UnC, 17–24

per 100py

All: 59.2 (NTS, first) (51.6–67.6) Glans: 53.3 (46.1–60.5) Shaft: 25.9 (22.3–30.0)

All: 37.3

(32.0–43.2)

Glans: 32.8

(28.1–38.0)

Shaft: 15.7

(13.1–18.7)

All: 13.1

(10.7–15.6)

Glans: 10.3

(8.3–12.7)

Shaft: 5.3

(3.8–7.0)

All: 4.3

(3.1–5.9)

Glans: 3.7

(2.6–5.3)

Shaft: 1.8

(1.1–2.9)

-

-

-

-

-

-

Mbulawa [22]

All, 18–66 HIV-ve, 18–66 HIV + ve 18–66

per 100py

66.8 (TS, first) (52.3–83.0) 62.3 (47.2–79.5) 96.5 (57.1–163.2)

35.7

(28.1–45.4)

29.2

(21.9–39.1)

72.9

(47.2–112.8)

3.8

(2.2–6.5)

4.0

(2.4–6.8)

Incident

per 100py

114.1 (TS)

(100.0–129.7)

128.2

(115.4–141.9)

96.4

(83.8–110.1)

123.9

(106.2–144.7)

121.5

(74.8–197.4)

160.0

(109.4–234.0)

Darwich [20], Videla [23]

HIV + ve MSM, 20- > 69

HIV + ve MSW, 20- > 69

per 100py

11.6 (NTS, first) (8.8–14.9)

5.1 (2.4–9.4)

-

1.7

(0.8–2.9)

1.4

(0.4–3.7)

0.4

(0.1–1.1)

0.4

(−)

Prevalent

per 100py

27.1 (NTS)

(20.0–35.6)

23.6

(14.8–35.6)

-

29.4

(15.1–51.4)

29.5

(10.8–64.2)

40.0

(8.2–116.9)

14.6

(−)

Wikström [21]

MSW, 18–54

% at 3.5ma

17.1 (TS) (9.4–27.5)

11.4

(5.6–19.9)

4.5

(1.3–11.2)

0

(0–4.1)

Prevalent

% at 3.5ma-

41.7 (TS)

(15.2–72.3)

42.9

(9.9–81.6

20

(0.5–71.6)

100 (1 case only)

Giuliano [53]

HIV-ve, 18–70

per 100py

46.1 (NTS, first) (41.2–51.6)

26.7

(23.8–29.9)

5.3

(4.3–6.4)

2.3

(1.7–3.0)

-

-

-

-

-

-

Genital

            

Giuliano [25]

(coronal sulcus, glans, shaft, scrotum)

Men, 18–44

per 100py

46.1 (NTS, Total)

(41.8–61.2) 35.3 (NTS, first)

(27.4–44.9)

25.0

(19.2–31.9)

18.6

(13.4–25.0)

5.8

(3.4–9.2)

1.0

(0.2–2.9)

Prevalent

% at 6 m

% at 12 m

% at 18 m

55.5 (NTS) 74.8

89.3

58.3

81.0

100

-

-

Morales [26] (scrotum, shaft, balano-preputial groove, urinary meatus)

MSW, median 36

per 100py

14.8 (NTS, unclear)

(11.8–18.2)

6.7

(4.9–8.9)

1.7

(0.8–2.8)

0.4

(0.1–1.1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

Partridge [29] (glans &urethral meatus, shaft, scrotum)

MSW, 18–20

% at 24 m

62.4 (NTS, first)

(52.6–72.2)

47.9

(38.6–58.0)

19.5

(14.0–27.2)

7.5

(4.1–13.6)

-

-

-

-

-

-

Lajous [27] (shaft, coronal sulcus, scrotum urethral meatus)

Male soldiers, 16–40

per 100py

21.5 (NTS)

(15.6–28.7)

14.3

(9.8–19.9)

2.8

(1.3–5.3)

1.6

(0.5–3.6)

Prevalent

% at 12 m

70.6 (TS)

(61.9–78.4)

69.0

(59.0–77.9)

68.8

(41.3–89.0)

100

(66.4–100)

Albero [28] (shaft, coronal sulcus, glans, scrotum)

HIV-ve men UnC, 18–70

HIV-ve men Circ, 18–70

per 100py

50.5 (NTS, first)

(46.4–54.9)

45.6

(41–50.5)

28.4

(26.2–30.8)

28.7

(25.9–31.8)

5.8

(5–6.6)

6.6

(5.6–7.8)

2.5

(2–3)

2.9

(2.3–3.7)

-

-

-

-

-

-

Kero [30] (penis/urethra)

Male partners of pregnant women, 20–52

% at 7 years

32.3 (NTS)

(16.7–51.4)

-

-

-

Prevalent

% at 7 years

88.9 % (TS)

(51.8–99.7)

-

-

-

  1. Abbreviations: MSM men who have sex with men, MSW men who have sex with women, py person-years, UnC Uncircumcised, Circ Circumcised, m months, I Intervention (immediate circumcision), C Control (circumcision delayed for 24 months), TS type-specific incidence defined as at least one positive test for any HPV type or HR-HPV type not detected at baseline, NTS non-type-specific incidence defined as at least one positive test for any HPV type or HR-HPV type among those negative for any HPV DNA or any HR-HPV DNA at baseline
  2. aMean interval between visits 3.5 m: Results at visit 1 and 2 considered here