Table 1 Baseline characteristics, radiological and cerebrospinal fluid parameters, and outcome of patients with tuberculous meningitis
From: Paradoxical reaction in tuberculous meningitis: presentation, predictors and impact on prognosis
Total numbers of patients included (n=141) | Paradoxical manifestation (n=44) | No paradoxical manifestation (n=97) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographic | |||
Age (Mean±SD) | 29.75±12.79 | 27.295±10.95 | 30.866±13.44 |
Duration of illness (Mean±SD) | 49.51±26.13 | 42.932±21.58 | 52.495±27.53 |
Gender (n, %) | |||
Male | 76(53.9 %) | 18(40.9 %) | 58(59.8 %) |
Female | 65(46.1 %) | 26(59.1 %) | 39(40.2) |
HIV (n, %) | 13(9.2 %) | 11(25 %) | 2(2.1 %) |
Clinical (n, %) | |||
BMRC stage 1 | 31(22.0 %) | 8(18.2 %) | 23(23.7 %) |
BMRC stage 2 | 66(46.8 %) | 21(47.7 % | 45(46.4 %) |
BMRC stage 3 | 44(31.2 %) | 15(34.1 %) | 29(29.9 %) |
Fever | 138(97.8 %) | 43(97.7 %) | 95(97.9 %) |
Headache | 131(92.90 %) | 39(88.6 %) | 92(94.8 %) |
Seizure | 48(34.0 %) | 12(27.3 %) | 36(37.1 %) |
Altered Sensorium | 44(31.2 %) | 15(34.1 %) | 29(29.9 %) |
Decreased vision | 35(24.8 %) | 10(22.7 %) | 25(25.8 %) |
Hemiparesis | 23(16.3 %) | 7(15.9 %) | 16(16.5 %) |
Paraparesis | 12(8.5 %) | 2(4.5 %) | 10(10.3 %) |
Meningeal signs | 125(88.7 %) | 41(93.2 %) | 84(86.6 %) |
Lymphadenopathy | 13(9.2 %) | 10(22.7 %) | 3(3.1 %) |
Diplopia | 59(41.8 %) | 17(38.6 %) | 42(43.3 %) |
Cranial Nerve involvement | 80(56.7 %) | 27(61.4 %) | 53(54.6 %) |
Papilloedema | 50(62.5 %) | 13(29.5 %) | 42(43.3 %) |
Imaging (n, %) | |||
Hydrocephalus | 53(37.6 %) | 13(29.5 %) | 40(41.2 %) |
Basal Exudates | 38(27.0 %) | 9(20.5 %) | 29(29.9 %) |
Tuberculoma | 51(36.2 %) | 15(34.1 %) | 36(37.1 %) |
Infarct | 25(17.7 %) | 7(15.9 %) | 18(18.6 %) |
Optochiasmatic arachnoiditis | 21(14.9 %) | 7(15.9 %) | 14(14.4 %) |
Spinal arachnoiditis | 12(8.5 %) | 2(4.5 %) | 10(10.3 %) |
Cerebrospinal fluid | |||
White blood cells (cells/mL±SD) | 189.610±185.66 | 200.864±121.26 | 184.505±208.809 |
Protein mg% | 253.704±455.84 | 188.5382±115.145 | 283.2649±542.511 |
Sugar mg% | 35.311±18.46 | 33.620±18.231 | 36.086±18.61 |
Neutrophil differential in percentage, mean±SD | 17.21±19.250 | 19.705±21.368 | 16.072±18.210 |
Lymphocyte differential in percentage (mean±SD) | 83.65±18.02 | 80.295±21.368 | 85.175±16.166 |
AFB smear (n, %) | 4(2.8 %) | 1(2.27 %) | 3(3.09 %) |
AFB culture positive (n, %) | 21(14.9 %) | 11(25 %) | 10(10.30 %) |
TB PCR-positive (n, %) | 50(35.5 %) | 22(50 %) | 28(28.86 %) |
Diagnostic category (n, %) | |||
Definite | 54(38.3 %) | 20(45.5 %) | 34(35.1 %) |
Probable | 62(44.0 %) | 19(43.2 %) | 43(44.3 %) |
Possible | 25(17.7 %) | 5(11.4 %) | 20(20.6 % |
Disability (n, %) | |||
Baseline BI(<12) | 93(66.0 %) | 34(77.3 %) | 59(60.8 %) |
Baseline BI(>12) | 48(34.0 %) | 10(22.7 %) | 38(39.2 %) |
Outcome (n, %) | |||
Poor (BI<12) | 50(35.5 %) | 12(27.3 %) | 38(39.2 %) |
Good (BI>12) | 91(64.5 %) | 32(72.7 %) | 59(60.8 %) |