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Table 1 Patient and hospital characteristics in the overall patients hospitalized for septic shock in U.S., 2005–2011

From: Mortality trends in U.S. adults with septic shock, 2005-2011: a serial cross-sectional analysis of nationally-representative data

Variablesa

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Ptrend

Patient characteristics

        

 Unweighted sample, n

        

  Overallb

2827

2783

2996

3381

3438

3442

3393

 

   Subgroup with vasopressor use

484

523

545

518

559

645

607

 

   Subgroup without vasopressor use

2343

2260

2451

2863

2879

2797

2786

 

 Weighted sample, n

        

  Overall

13946

13628

14861

16563

17239

17292

16283

 

   Subgroup with vasopressor use

2392

2566

2664

2494

2789

3293

2910

 

   Subgroup without vasopressor use

11554

11062

12198

14069

14450

13999

13373

 

 Age, y

        

  18–29

2 (1–2)

1 (1–2)

2 (2–3)

2 (2–3)

2 (1–2)

2 (1–3)

2 (1–2)

0.46

  30–39

3 (2–4)

3 (3–4)

3 (2–4)

3 (2–3)

3 (2–4)

3 (2–4)

3 (2–3)

0.26

  40–49

7 (6–9)

8 (7–9)

9 (8–10)

8 (7–9)

7 (6–8)

8 (7–9)

7 (6–8)

0.26

  50–59

15 (13–17)

16 (14–18)

14 (13–16)

16 (14–17)

17 (15–18)

15 (13–16)

16 (14–18)

0.58

  60–69

19 (17–21)

19 (17–21)

20 (18–22)

21 (19–23)

21 (20–23)

22 (20–24)

24 (22–26)

<0.001

  70–79

25 (23–28)

24 (22–27)

25 (22–27)

24 (22–26)

24 (22–26)

24 (22–27)

23 (20–25)

0.02

  80–89

23 (20–26)

22 (20–25)

21 (19–24)

22 (19–24)

22 (20–24)

21 (19–23)

21 (19–23)

0.03

   ≥ 90

5 (4–6)

5 (4–6)

5 (4–6)

5 (4–6)

5 (4–6)

5 (4–6)

5 (4–5)

0.70

 Male sex

49 (49–49)

49 (49–49)

50 (50–50)

50 (50–50)

50 (50–50)

50 (50–50)

50 (50–50)

0.09

 Race/ethnicity

        

  Non-Hispanic white

61 (54–69)

54 (48–60)

54 (48–60)

57 (52–63)

63 (57–69)

64 (58–70)

65 (59–71)

<0.001

  Non-Hispanic black

7 (6–9)

10 (8–12)

9 (6–12)

9 (7–11)

8 (7–10)

12 (9–12)

11 (9–13)

0.001

  Hispanic

7 (5–9)

10 (8–13)

9 (6–11)

8 (6–10)

9 (7–11)

10 (8–12)

10 (8–13)

0.09

  Asian/native/other

4 (3–5)

5 (4–6)

6 (5–7)

6 (5–7)

6 (5–8)

6 (4–7)

6 (5–7)

0.10

  Unknown

20 (16–24)

21 (17–26)

22 (18–26)

20 (15–24)

14 (9–18)

9 (6–11)

8 (5–11)

<0.001

 Primary health insurance

        

  Medicare

66 (60–72)

65 (60–71)

65 (59–70)

64 (59–69)

65 (60–69)

64 (59–69)

64 (60–69)

0.34

  Medicaid

10 (08–12)

10 (08–12)

09 (07–11)

11 (09–12)

10 (08–11)

11 (09–13)

11 (09–12)

0.39

  Private

19 (17–21)

18 (16–20)

20 (18–23)

20 (17–22)

20 (17–22)

18 (16–21)

19 (17–21)

1.00

  Self-pay

4 (3–5)

4 (3–5)

3 (3–4)

3 (3–4)

4 (3–5)

4 (3–5)

3 (2–4)

0.63

  Other

2 (1–2)

3 (2–4)

2 (2–3)

2 (1–3)

2 (2–3)

3 (2–3)

3 (2–4)

0.14

 Estimated median household income

        

  0–25 percentile

27 (23–30)

28 (23–32)

29 (25–34)

28 (25–32)

28 (25–32)

30 (26–34)

29 (25–32)

0.23

  26–50 percentile

26 (23–30)

25 (22–28)

25 (22–28)

26 (23–28)

25 (22–28)

25 (22–27)

24 (21–27)

0.27

  51–75 percentile

24 (21–27)

24 (21–27)

23 (21–26)

22 (19–25)

23 (21–26)

24 (21–26)

27 (24–30)

0.11

  76–100 percentile

23 (19–28)

23 (19–27)

22 (19–25)

24 (20–28)

23 (20–27)

22 (19–25)

20 (17–23)

0.23

 Selected comorbidities

        

  Congestive heart failure

30 (28–33)

31 (29–33)

31 (29–33)

26 (24–28)

28 (26–30)

28 (26–29)

31 (29–33)

0.11

  Pulmonary circulation disorders

3 (2–3)

3 (2–3)

5 (4–6)

6 (5–7)

7 (6–8)

7 (6–8)

8 (7–9)

<0.001

  Diabetes, uncomplicated

15 (13–17)

16 (15–18)

18 (16–19)

19 (17–20)

19 (18–21)

18 (16–19)

21 (19–22)

<0.001

  Liver disease

5 (4–6)

5 (4–6)

5 (4–6)

5 (4–6)

6 (5–7)

6 (5–7)

7 (6–8)

0.002

  Renal failure

14 (13–16)

20 (19–22)

21 (20–23)

21 (19–23)

23 (21–24)

22 (20–23)

24 (22–26)

<0.001

  Solid tumor without metastasis

4 (4–5)

3 (3–4)

4 (4–5)

4 (3–5)

5 (4–5)

5 (4–5)

5 (5–6)

0.006

Hospital characteristics

        

 Region

        

  Northeast

29 (23–35)

26 (22–31)

24 (20–27)

22 (18–25)

20 (17–24)

22 (18–26)

20 (16–24)

0.03

  Midwest

21 (18–25)

21 (17–25)

21 (17–25)

25 (21–28)

25 (21–30)

22 (18–27)

23 (19–28)

0.37

  South

30 (26–34)

31 (27–34)

31 (27–35)

32 (28–36)

32 (29–35)

37 (32–41)

37 (33–42)

0.02

  West

19 (16–22)

22 (19–26)

24 (20–28)

21 (18–25)

23 (19–26)

19 (16–22)

19 (16–22)

0.53

 Location/teaching status

        

  Rural

11 (9–13)

8 (7–10)

10 (8–13)

8 (7–9)

9 (7–11)

9 (7–12)

9 (7–12)

0.45

  Urban nonteaching

47 (41–53)

42 (37–46)

43 (38–47)

43 (38–47)

45 (40–49)

43 (39–47)

43 (38–47)

0.47

  Urban teaching

41 (35–47)

50 (44–56)

47 (41–53)

49 (44–55)

46 (41–52)

48 (41–54)

48 (42–54)

0.57

 Hospital control/ownership

        

  Government

27 (23–30)

28 (23–32)

29 (25–34)

28 (25–32)

28 (25–32)

30 (26–34)

29 (25–32)

0.97

  Private, non-profit

26 (23–30)

25 (22–28)

25 (22–28)

26 (23–28)

25 (22–28)

25 (22–27)

24 (21–27)

0.18

  Private, invest-own

24 (21–27)

24 (21–27)

23 (21–26)

22 (19–25)

23 (21–26)

24 (21–26)

27 (24–30)

0.02

  Others

23 (19–28)

23 (19–27)

22 (19–25)

24 (20–28)

23 (20–27)

22 (19–25)

20 (17–23)

0.53

  1. Data are expressed as % (95 % CI) unless otherwise indicated
  2. aPercentages may not equal 100 due to rounding
  3. bThe number of overall patients may not equal the sum of the vasopressor group and non–vasopressor group due to rounding