From: The clinical characteristics of pleural effusion in scrub typhus
Characteristics | Without PE (n = 352) | With PE (n = 93) | p value |
---|---|---|---|
Demographic characteristics | |||
Age, mean years ± SD * | 61.4 ± 14.0 | 70.5 ± 10.7 | <.001 |
Male gender (%) * | 109 (31) | 46 (49.5) | .001 |
Underlying comorbid condition * | 134 (38.1) | 49 (52.7) | .011 |
Hypertension* | 80 (22.7) | 33 (35.3) | .012 |
Diabetes mellitus | 35 (9.9) | 14 (15.1) | .161 |
Chronic kidney disease | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.1) | .209 |
Congestive heart failure * | 20 (5.7) | 11 (11.8) | .038 |
Liver cirrhosis * | 5 (1.4) | 7 (7.5) | .004 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 10 (2.8) | 1 (1.1) | .472 |
Malignancy | 7 (2.0) | 3 (3.2) | .442 |
Time from disease onset to hospital visit, mean days ± SD | 7.50 ± 6.29 | 7.99 ± 6.91 | .516 |
Clinical symptoms (Initial presentation) | |||
Fever | 340 (96.6) | 88 (94.6) | .368 |
Cough * | 85 (24.1) | 32 (34.4) | .046 |
Sputum | 57 (16.2) | 19 (20.4) | .334 |
Dyspnea * | 45 (12.8) | 28 (30.1) | <.001 |
Rash * | 303 (86.1) | 71 (76.3) | .023 |
Laboratory findings | |||
WBC count (no. of cells × 1,000/mm3) * | 7.5 ± 3.6 | 10.3 ± 4.3 | <.001 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) * | 12.7 ± 1.7 | 12.0 ± 1.7 | .001 |
Platelet count (no. of cells × 1,000/mm3) | 152.2 ± 67.6 | 150.0 ± 87.2 | .823 |
AST (IU/L) | 126.3 ± 299.4 | 155.9 ± 308.1 | .401 |
ALT (IU/L) | 93.1 ± 107.6 | 98.6 ± 154.2 | .690 |
ALP (U/L) * | 115.1 ± 90.5 (n = 348) | 157.1 ± 141.7 (n = 92) | .008 |
Bilirubin (mg/dL) * | 0.84 ± 0.71 | 1.20 ± 1.19 | .006 |
Protein (g/dL) * | 6.40 ± 0.70 | 5.77 ± 0.77 | <.001 |
Albumin (g/dL) * | 3.75 ± 0.48 | 3.11 ± 0.51 | <.001 |
> 3.5, no. of patients (%) | 248 (70.5) | 23 (24.7) | |
3.0–3.5, no. of patients (%) | 81 (23.0) | 25 (26.9) | |
≤ 3.0, no. of patients (%) | 23 (6.5) | 45 (48.4) | |
Serum creatinine (mg/dL) * | 1.08 ± 0.49 | 1.45 ± 0.95 | <.001 |
ESR (mm/h) * | 18.6 ± 15.3 (n = 350) | 24.6 ± 22.2 (n = 92) | .016 |
CRP (mg/dL) * | 8.0 ± 7.2 (n = 351) | 10.7 ± 5.7 (n = 93) | .001 |
LDH (U/L) | 762.8 ± 346.8 (n = 346) | 736.4 ± 431.1 (n = 92) | .538 |