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Table 1 Demographic, clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of confirmed adult scrub typhus patients

From: The clinical characteristics of pleural effusion in scrub typhus

Characteristics

Without PE (n = 352)

With PE (n = 93)

p value

Demographic characteristics

 Age, mean years ± SD *

61.4 ± 14.0

70.5 ± 10.7

<.001

 Male gender (%) *

109 (31)

46 (49.5)

.001

 Underlying comorbid condition *

134 (38.1)

49 (52.7)

.011

  Hypertension*

80 (22.7)

33 (35.3)

.012

  Diabetes mellitus

35 (9.9)

14 (15.1)

.161

  Chronic kidney disease

0 (0.0)

1 (1.1)

.209

  Congestive heart failure *

20 (5.7)

11 (11.8)

.038

  Liver cirrhosis *

5 (1.4)

7 (7.5)

.004

  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

10 (2.8)

1 (1.1)

.472

  Malignancy

7 (2.0)

3 (3.2)

.442

 Time from disease onset to hospital visit, mean days ± SD

7.50 ± 6.29

7.99 ± 6.91

.516

Clinical symptoms (Initial presentation)

 Fever

340 (96.6)

88 (94.6)

.368

 Cough *

85 (24.1)

32 (34.4)

.046

 Sputum

57 (16.2)

19 (20.4)

.334

 Dyspnea *

45 (12.8)

28 (30.1)

<.001

 Rash *

303 (86.1)

71 (76.3)

.023

Laboratory findings

 WBC count (no. of cells × 1,000/mm3) *

7.5 ± 3.6

10.3 ± 4.3

<.001

 Hemoglobin (g/dL) *

12.7 ± 1.7

12.0 ± 1.7

.001

 Platelet count (no. of cells × 1,000/mm3)

152.2 ± 67.6

150.0 ± 87.2

.823

 AST (IU/L)

126.3 ± 299.4

155.9 ± 308.1

.401

 ALT (IU/L)

93.1 ± 107.6

98.6 ± 154.2

.690

 ALP (U/L) *

115.1 ± 90.5 (n = 348)

157.1 ± 141.7 (n = 92)

.008

 Bilirubin (mg/dL) *

0.84 ± 0.71

1.20 ± 1.19

.006

 Protein (g/dL) *

6.40 ± 0.70

5.77 ± 0.77

<.001

 Albumin (g/dL) *

3.75 ± 0.48

3.11 ± 0.51

<.001

   > 3.5, no. of patients (%)

248 (70.5)

23 (24.7)

 

  3.0–3.5, no. of patients (%)

81 (23.0)

25 (26.9)

 

   ≤ 3.0, no. of patients (%)

23 (6.5)

45 (48.4)

 

 Serum creatinine (mg/dL) *

1.08 ± 0.49

1.45 ± 0.95

<.001

 ESR (mm/h) *

18.6 ± 15.3 (n = 350)

24.6 ± 22.2 (n = 92)

.016

 CRP (mg/dL) *

8.0 ± 7.2 (n = 351)

10.7 ± 5.7 (n = 93)

.001

 LDH (U/L)

762.8 ± 346.8 (n = 346)

736.4 ± 431.1 (n = 92)

.538

  1. Abbreviations: AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, ALP alkaline phosphatase, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP C-reactive protein
  2. * There was a significant difference in the baseline characteristics between the two groups (P < .05)