Sensitivity (95 % CI) | Specificity (95 % CI) | Likelihood ratio positive (95 % CI) | Likelihood ratio negative (95 % CI) | PPV (95 % CI) | NPV (95 % CI) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Contact | 100 (*) | 59 (43.5–74.4) | 2.4 (1.7–3.6) | * | 59 (43.5–74.4) | 100 (*) |
Fever (≥38 °C or referred) | 61.3 (44.1–78.4) | 29.5 (16.1–43) | 0.9 (0.6–1.2) | 1.3 (0.7–2.5) | 38 (24.5–51.5) | 52 (32.4–71.6) |
Vomiting | 58.1 (40.7–75.4) | 70.5 (57–83.9) | 2 (1.1–3.4) | 0.6 (0.4–1.0) | 58.1 (40.7–75.4) | 70.5 (57–83.9) |
Diarrhea | 67.7 (51.3–84.2) | 70.5 (57–83.9) | 2.3 (1.4–3.8) | 0.5 (0.3–0.8) | 61.8 (45.4–78.1) | 75.6 (62.5–88.8) |
Fatigue | 96.8 (90.6–100) | 43.2 (28.5–57.8) | 1.7 (1.3–2.2) | 0.1 (0–0.5) | 54.5 (41.4–67.7) | 95 (85.4–100) |
Anorexia | 61.3 (44.1–78.4) | 61.4 (47–75.8) | 1.6 (1–2.5) | 0.6 (0.4–1) | 52.8 (36.5–69.1) | 69.2 (54.7–83.7) |
Abdominal pain | 45.2 (27.6–62.7) | 54.5 (39.8–69.3) | 1 (0.6–1.6) | 1 (0.7–1.6) | 41.2 (24.6–57.7) | 58.5 (43.5–73.6) |
Chest pain | 22.6 (7.9–37.3) | 79.5 (67.6–91.5) | 1.1 (0.5–2.6) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 43.8 (19.4–68.1) | 59.3 (46.8–61.9) |
Muscle pain | 61.3 (44.1–78.4) | 70.5 (57–83.9) | 2.1 (1.2–3.5) | 0.5 (0.3–0.9) | 59.4 (42.4–76.4) | 72.1 (58.7–85.5) |
Joint pain | 51.6 (34–69.2) | 61.4 (47–75.8) | 1.3 (0.8–2.2) | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) | 48.5 (31.4–65.5) | 64.3 (49.8–78.8) |
Headache | 54.8 (37.3–72.4) | 61.4 (47–75.8) | 1.4 (0.9–2.3) | 0.7 (0.5–1.2) | 50 (33.2–66.8) | 65.9 (51.3–80.4) |
Back pain | 6.5 (0–15.1) | 93.2 (85.7–100) | 0.9 (0.2–5.3) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 40.0 (−2.9–82.9) | 58.6 (47.0–70.1) |
Dysphagia | 25.8 (10.4–41.2) | 100 (*) | * | 0.7 (0.6–0.9) | 100 (*) | 65.7 (54.3–77) |
Red eyes | 38.7 (21.6–55.9) | 81.8 (70.4–93.2) | 2.1 (1–4.6) | 0.7 (0.5–1) | 60 (38.5–81.5) | 65.5 (47.6–70.2) |
Skin rash | 3.2 (0–9.4) | 97.7 (93.3–100) | 1.4 (0.1–21.8) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 50.0 (0–100) | 58.9 (47.6–70.2) |
Hiccups | 6.5 (0–15.1) | 86.4 (76.2–96.5) | 0.5 (0.1–2.2) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | 25 (0–55) | 56.7 (44.9–68.6) |
Confused / disoriented | 3.2 (0–9.4) | 90.9 (82.4–99.4) | 0.3 (0–3) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 20.0 (0–55.1) | 57.1 (45.5–68.7) |
Bleeding | 35.5 (18.6–52.3) | 100 (*) | * | 0.6 (0.5–0.8) | 100.0 (*) | 68.8 (57.4–80.1) |
Fatigue/anorexia | 96.8 (90.6–100) | 38.6 (24.2–53.0) | 1.10 (0.79–1.55) | 0.83 (0.44–1.57) | 43.8 (29.7–57.8) | 63.0 (44.7–81.2) |
Digestive symptoms | 83.9 (70.9–96.8) | 45.5 (30.7–60.2) | 1.54 (1.13–2.10) | 0.35 (0.15–0.84) | 52.0 (38.2–65.8) | 80.0 (64.3–95.7) |
Musculoskeletal pain | 67.7 (51.3–84.2) | 38.6 (24.2–53.0) | 1.10 (0.79–1.55) | 0.83 (0.44–1.57) | 43.8 (29.7–57.8) | 63.0 (44.7–81.2) |
Headache / Pain behind eyes | 54.8 (37.3–72.4) | 61.4 (47.0–75.8) | 1.42 (0.87–2.32) | 0.74 (0.47–1.16) | 50.0 (33.2–66.8) | 65.9 (51.3–80.4) |
Neurological symptoms | 3.2 (0–9.4) | 90.9 (82.4–99.4) | 0.35 (0.04–3.02) | 1.06 (0.95–1.19) | 20.0 (0–55.1) | 57.1 (45.5–68.7) |
Contact + Fever | 48.4 (30.8–66) | 77.3 (64.9–89.7) | 2.1 (1.1–4.1) | 0.7 (0.5–1) | 60 (40.8–79.2) | 68.0 (55.1–80.9) |
Contact + 3 symptoms | 67.7 (51.3–84.2) | 81.8 (70.4–93.2) | 3.7 (1.9–7.3) | 0.4 (0.2–0.7) | 72.4 (56.1–88.7) | 78.3 (66.3–90.2) |
Fever + 3 symptoms | 58.1 (40.7–75.4) | 50 (35.2–64.8) | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) | 0.8 (0.5–1.4) | 45 (29.6–60.4) | 62.9 (46.8–78.9) |
Any WHO criterion | 87.1 (75.3–98.9) | 40.9 (26.4–55.4) | 1.5 (1.1–1.9) | 0.3 (0.1–0.8) | 50.9 (37.5–64.4) | 81.8 (65.7–97.9) |