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Table 3 Initial symptoms and evolution of symptoms in patients with non-confirmed Ebola virus disease (non- EVD) and confirmed EVD who were treated at the Ebola Treatment Center in Moyamba (Sierra Leone) from December 2014 to March 2015

From: Clinical features of suspected Ebola cases referred to the Moyamba ETC, Sierra Leone: challenges in the later stages of the 2014 outbreak

 

Initial symptoms

Evolution symptoms

Symptoms

Non-EVD N = 44 Number (%)

EVD N = 31 Number (%)

Unadjusted odds ratio (95 % CI)a

P value

Non-EVD N = 44 Number (%)

EVD N = 31 Number (%)

Unadjusted odds ratio (95 % CI)

P value

Feverb

31 (70.4)

19 (61.3)

0.6 (0.2–1.7)

0.461

    

Objective Fever (>38 °C)

15(34)

11 (35.5)

1 (0.4–2.6)

0.585

11 (25)

14 (45.2)

2.3 (0.9–6.6)

0.085

Vomiting

13 (29.5)

18 (58)

3.3 (1.3–8.7)

0.018

14 (43.7)

23 (74.2)

5.2 (2.2–17.2)

<0.001

Diarrhea

13 (29.5)

21 (67.7)

5 (1.8–13.5)

0.002

18 (40.9)

24 (77.4)

5 (1.8–14)

0.002

Fatigue

25 (56.8)

30 (96.7)

22.8 (2.8–182.4)

<0.001

29 (65.9)

31 (100)

15.5 (2–125.1)

0.001

Anorexia

17 (38.6)

19 (61.3)

2.5 (0.9–6.4)

0.064

19 (43.1)

27 (87)

8.9 (2.6–29.7)

<0.001

Abdominal pain

20 (45.4)

14 (45)

1 (0.4–2.5)

1

25 (56.8)

22 (71)

1.9 (0.7–5)

0.236

Chest pain

9 (20.4)

7 (22.5)

1 (0.4–3.5)

1

12 (27.2)

18 (58)

3.7(1.4–9.8)

0.009

Muscle pain

13 (29.5)

19 (61.3)

3.8 (1.4–9.9)

0.009

13 (29.5)

22 (71)

6 (2.7–16)

<0.001

Joint pain

17 (38.6)

16 (51.6)

1.7 (0.7–4.3)

0.346

19 (43.1)

19 (61.3)

2 (0.8–5.3)

0.161

Headache

17 (38.6)

17 (54.8)

1.9 (0.8–4.9)

0.239

24 (54.5)

18 (58)

1.1 (0.5–3)

0.816

Back pain

3 (6.8)

2 (6.4)

0.9 (0.1–5.8)

1

7(15.9)

7 (212.6)

1.5 (0.5–5)

0.552

Pain behind eyes

0 (0)

0 (0)

* (*)

* (*)

0 (0)

0 (0)

* (*)

* (*)

Cough

0 (0)

0 (0)

* (*)

* (*)

17 (38.6)

12 (38.7)

1 (0.4–2.5)

1

Breathing problems

0 (0)

0 (0)

* (*)

* (*)

7(15.9)

7 (21.9)

1.5 (0.5–4.9)

0.552

Dysphagia

0 (0)

8 (25.8)

*(*)

<0.001

6 (13.6)

16 (51.6)

6.7 (2.2–20.5)

0.001

Sore throat

0 (0)

0 (0)

* (*)

* (*)

2 (4.5)

1 (3.2)

0.7 (0.06–8)

1

Jaundice

3 (6.8)

0 (0)

* (*)

* (*)

4 (9)

0 (0)

* (*)

* (*)

Red eyes

8 (18)

12 (38.7)

2.8 (1–8.1)

0.065

8 (18)

15 (48.3)

4.2 (1.5–12)

0.01

Skin rash

1 (2.3)

1 (3.2)

1.4 (0.08–24)

1

1 (2.3)

1 (3.2)

1.4 (0.1–23)

1

Hiccups

6 (13.6)

2 (6.4)

0.4 (0.08–2.3)

0.457

6 (13.6)

2 (6.4)

0.4 (0.08–2.3)

0.457

Coma / unconscious

0 (0)

0 (0)

* (*)

* (*)

1 (2.3)

9 (29)

17.6 (2–147.8)

0.001

Confused / disoriented

4 (9)

1 (3.2)

0.3 (0.03–3)

0.397

7(15.9)

14 (45)

4.3 (1.5–12.7)

0.009

Bleeding

0 (0)

11 (35.5)

* (*)

<0.001

0 (0)

16 (51.6)

* (*)

<0.001

  1. a 95 % CI: 95 % confidence interval
  2. b If the patient reported having a fever or was >38 °C upon admission
  3. * = OR and/or 95 % CI not applicable