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Table 3 Incidence of first hospitalization for pyelonephritis in renal transplant recipients according to potential risk factors for pyelonephritis

From: Risk and outcome of pyelonephritis among renal transplant recipients

Characteristic

Pyelonephritis Hospitalization, No.

IRa (95 % CI)

Unadjusted

IRR (95 % CI)

Adjustedb

IRR (95 % CI)

P * Value

Recipient gender

     

Male

(122)

13.0 (10.9–15.5)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 

Female

(139)

29.3 (24.8–34.6)

2.25(1.76–2.87)

2.04(1.59–2.61)

<.001

Recipient, CCI-score

     

Low (0)

131

15.9 (13.4–18.9)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 

Medium (1–2)

60

17.8 (13.9–23.0)

1.12 (0.83–1.52)

0.98 (0.71–1.36)

.92

High (≥3)

70

27.9 (22.0–35.2)

1.75 (1.31–2.34)

1.96 (1.16–3.31)

.01

Donor type

     

Cadaveric donor

190

19.2 (16.6–22.1)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 

Living unrelated donor

22

16.2 (10.7–24.6)

0.85 (0.54–1.32)

1.01 (0.65–1.58)

.95

Living related donor

49

17.2 (13.0–22.8)

0.90 (0.66–1.23)

1.00 (0.71–1.39)

.98

HLA mismatch

     

AB mismatchc

     

<3

122

18.6 (15.5–22.2)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 

≥3

46

16.6 (12.4–22.2)

0.90 (0.64–1.26)

0.88 (0.62–1.25)

.49

DR mismatchc

     

<2

46

13.6 (10.2–18.1)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 

2

122

20.5 (17.2–24.5)

1.51 (1.07–2.12)

1.54 (1.10–2.18)

.01

Cause of ESRD

     

Glomerulonephritis

46

10.3 (7.7–13.7)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 

Diabetes mellitus type 1

53

27.7 (21.2–36.2)

2.69 (1.81–3.40)

1.34 (0.73–2.48)

.35

Diabetes mellitus type 2

4

16.8 (6.33–44.9)

1.64 (0.59–4.55)

1.00 (0.33–2.99)

1.00

Chronic interestitial nephritis

44

31.7 (23.6–42.6)

3.08 (2.04–4.66)

2.53 (1.66–3.85)

<.001

Hypertensive kidney disease

53

17.6 (13.4–23.0)

1.71 (1.15–2.54)

1.59 (1.06–2.37)

.02

Polycystic kidney disease

39

19.2 (14.0–26.3)

1.87 (1.22–2.86)

1.66 (1.07–2.57)

.02

Vasculitis

10

33.2 (17.9–61.7)

3.23 (1.63–6.39)

2.61 (1.28–5.30)

.01

Unkown

12

15.9 (9.0–28.0)

1.55 (0.82–2.92)

1.18 (0.62–2.27)

.62

Posttransplant time

     

0–6 months

83

69.9(56.4–86.7)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 

7–12 months

29

26.9(18.7–38.7)

0.38(0.25–0.59)

0.39(0.25–0.59)

<.001

13–24 months

33

16.9 (12.0–23.8)

0.24 (0.16–0.36)

0.24 (0.16–0.37)

<.001

+24 months

116

11.7(9.8–14.0)

0.17 (0.13–0.22)

0.18 (0.13–0.24)

<.001

Recipient age

     

<50 years

140

18.2 (15.4–21.5)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 

50–65 years

98

18.7 (15.4–22.8)

1.03 (0.79–1.33)

1.06 (0.80–1.41)

.68

+65 years

23

19.3 (12.8–29.1)

1.06 (0.68–1.65)

1.21 (0.76–1.93)

.43

Calendar period

     

1990–1994

35

29.8 (21.4–41.5)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 

1995–1999

67

22.5 (17.7–28.6)

0.76 (0.50–1.14)

0.73 (0.48–1.12)

.16

2000–2004

81

19.1 (15.4–23.7)

0.64 (0.43–0.95)

0.62 (0.41–0.94)

.02

2005–2009

78

13.6 (10.9–17.0)

0.46 (0.31–0.68)

0.42 (0.27–0.64)

<.001

  1. Abbreviations: CI confidence interval, ESRD end-stage renal disease, HLA leukocyte antigen, IR incidence rate, IRR incidence rate ratio, CCI-score Charlson co-morbidity index score
  2. * Pvalue corresponding to the adjusted IRR
  3. aNo. of Hospitalizations per 1000 person-years
  4. b Adjusted for all other variables
  5. cMissing values not shown