Potential risk factors: N exposed (% exposed) | Exposed # IgG pos. (%) | Non exposed # IgG pos. (%) | χ2-test p | OR (95 % CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Risk factors for primary transmission | ||||
Subsistence activities | ||||
Hunting: 180 (60) | 37 (20.6) | 19 (15.8) | 0.3 | 1.38 (0.72, 2.68) |
Entering caves: 295 (98) | 55 (18.6) | 1 (20.0) | 0.66b | 1.19 (0.64, 2.23) |
Contacts with wild animals | ||||
Rodents | ||||
Touched: 216 (72) | 42 (19.4) | 14 (6.7) | 0.58 | 1.21 (0.60, 2.54) |
eatena : 127 (42) | 20 (15.8) | 36 (20.8) | 0.27 | 0.71 (0.37–1.35) |
bitten by : 91 (30) | 15 (16.5) | 41(19.6) | 0.52 | 0.81 (0 .39, 1.60) |
any contact : 238 (79) | 45 (18.9) | 11 (17.7) | 0.83 | 1.08 (0.53, 2.33) |
Bats | ||||
Touched : 224 (75) | 43 (19.6) | 13 (17.1) | 0.69 | 1.15 (0.56, 2.49) |
eatena : 160 (53) | 33 (20.6) | 23 (16.4) | 0.35 | 1.03 (0 .21, 10.10) |
bitten by : 57 (19) | 9 (16.1) | 47 (19.3) | 0.53 | 0.78 (0.32, 1.76) |
any contact : 233 (78) | 45 (19.3) | 11 (16.4) | 0.59 | 1.21 (0.60, 2.61) |
Monkeys, apes | ||||
Touched : 273 (91) | 52 (19.0) | 4 (14.8) | 0.80b | 1.35 (0 .44, 5.61) |
eatena : 289 (96) | 54 (18.7) | 2 (18.2) | 1.00b | 1.03 (0 .21, 10.10) |
bitten by : 16 (5) | 3 (18.8) | 53 (18.7) | 1.00b | 1.01 (0 .18, 3.84) |
any contact : 294 (98) | 56 (19.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.28b | |
Wild animals: any contact : 296 (97) | 56 (18.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0.43b | |
Risk factors for secondary transmission | ||||
Contact with someone suffering from HF§ | ||||
had someone with HF in the household : 66 (22) | 7 (10.6) | 49 (20.9) | 0.06 | 0.45 (0.16, 1.07) |
been in the same room with someone with HF : 47 (16) | 8 (17.0) | 48 (18.9) | 0.75 | 0.88 (0.33, 2.06) |
worked with someone with HF : 61 (20) | 9 (14.7) | 47 (19.7) | 0.38 | 0.71 (0.29, 1.59) |
participated in funeral of someone with HF : 65 (22) | 12 (18.5) | 44 (18.7) | 0.96 | 0.98 (0.44, 2.07) |
touched someone with HF : 57 (19) | 11 (19.3) | 45 (18.5) | 0.89 | 1.05 (0.45, 2.27) |
touched blood, urine, faeces of someone with HF : 34 (11) | 8 (23.5) | 48 (18.0) | 0.44 | 1.40 (0.51, 3.42) |
touched remains of someone with HF : 44 (15) | 12 (27.3) | 44 (17.2) | 0.11 | 1.81 (0.78, 3.94) |
any contact : 102 (34) | 16 (15.7) | 40 (20.2) | 0.34 | 0.74 (0.38, 1.38) |
any direct contact (touched) : 79 (26) | 16 (20.3) | 40 (18.1) | 0.67 | 1.15 (0.59, 2.18) |
Invasive medical treatment | ||||
ever received injection : 263 (88) | 51 (19.4) | 5 (13.5) | 0.39 | 1.54 (0.56, 5.31) |
ever received surgical or obstetric care : 124 (41) | 27 (21.8) | 29 (16.5) | 0.24 | 1.41 (0 .75, 2.63) |
any invasive medical treatment ever : 278 (93) | 54 (19.4) | 2 (9.1) | 0.18b | 2.41 (0.63, 15.66) |
Traditional treatment | ||||
ever had scarification : 294 (98) | 54 (18.4) | 2 (33.3) | 0.4 | 0 .45 (0.06, 5.11) |