Characteristic | Variable | Total No. patients (%) | Positive for Q fevera (%) | Crude OR (95%CI) | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Contact with goat | No | 378 | 52 (13.70) | Ref | - |
Yes | 689 | 121 (17.6) | 4.82 (2.89–8.26) | 0.003 | |
Contact with dog | Yes | 22 | 1 (4.5) | Ref | - |
No | 1045 | 172 (16.5) | 0.24 (0.03–1.81) | 0.267 | |
Contact with sheep | No | 675 | 104 (15.4) | Ref | - |
Yes | 392 | 69 (17.6) | 1.17 (0.84–1.64) | 0.349 | |
Contact with cattle | No | 602 | 63 (10.5) | Ref | - |
Yes | 465 | 110 (23.7) | 2.65 (1.89–3.72) | <0.001 | |
Contact with camel | Yes | 112 | 13 (11.8) | Ref | - |
No | 955 | 160 (16.7) | 0.67 (0.37–1.22) | 0.279 | |
Frequent slaughtering of animals | No | 685 | 68 (9.90) | Ref | - |
Yes | 382 | 105 (27.5) | 3.44 (2.46–6.67) | <0.001 | |
Frequent handling of raw milk | No | 470 | 61 (13.0) | Ref | - |
Yes | 597 | 112 (18.8) | 1.55 (1.10–2.18) | 0.011 | |
Contact with birth products b | No | 865 | 148 (17.1) | Ref | - |
Yes | 202 | 25 (12.4) | 1.43 (0.94–2.19) | 0.089 | |
Share house with animals | Yes | 98 | 20 (20.4) | Ref | - |
No | 969 | 153 (15.8) | 0.37 (0.08–1.31) | 0.239 | |
Frequent contact with wildlife | Yes | 2 | 0 (0) | - | - |
No | 1065 | 173 (16.2) | |||
Frequently prepare manure | Yes | 50 | 11 (22.0) | Ref | - |
No | 1017 | 162 (15.9) | 1.49 (0.44–1.97) | 0.258 | |
Frequently graze animals | No | 350 | 37 (10.6) | Ref | - |
Yes | 717 | 136 (19.0) | 1.98 (1.34–2.92) | <0.001 | |
Frequent consumption of raw meat | Yes | 57 | 14 (24.6) | Ref | - |
No | 1010 | 159 (15.7) | 0.74 (0.13–3.26) | 0.382 | |
Frequent consumption of raw cattle milk | No | 736 | 57 (7.7) | Ref | - |
Yes | 331 | 116 (35.0) | 6.43 (4.52–9.14) | <0.001 | |
Frequent consumption of raw goat milk | No | 883 | 130 (14.7) | Ref | - |
Yes | 184 | 43 (23.4) | 1.77 (1.20–2.61) | 0.004 | |
Frequent consumption of raw camel milk | No | 124 | 17 (13.7) | Ref | - |
Yes | 943 | 156 (16.5) | 1.24 (0.73–2.14) | 0.422 | |
Frequent consumption of locally fermented milk | No | 658 | 60 (9.1) | Ref | - |
Yes | 409 | 113 (27.6) | 3.81 (2.7–5.36) | <0.001 | |
Frequent consumption of animal blood | Yes | 45 | 3 (6.7) | Ref | - |
No | 1022 | 170 (16.6) | 0.36 (0.11–1.17) | 0.809 |