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Table 7 Baseline characteristics and outcomes of treatments in malarious children treated with artesunate-amodiaquine, artemether-lumefantrine or dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine

From: Clinical illness and outcomes in Nigerian children with late-appearing anaemia after artemisinin-based combination treatments of uncomplicated falciparum malaria

Parameters

Initial studya

Later studyb

AA (n = 360)

AL (n = 132)

P value

AA (n = 29)

AL (n = 29)

DHP (n = 59)

P value

Age (year)

       

 Mean (95 % CI)

7.1(6.8–7.5)

6.1 (5.5–6.6)

0.001

6.8 (5.3–8.3)

7.5 (6.1–8.9)

9.5 (8.4–10.5)

0.01

 No <5 years (%)

85 (24)

50 (38)

0.002

11 (38)

10 (34)

10 (17)

0.06

Body temperature (°C)

       

 Mean (95 % CI)

38.3 (38.2–38.4)

38.4 (38.2–38.6)

0.37

38 (37.5–38.4)

37.8 (37.2–38.3)

37.7 (37.2–38.3)

0.76

 No. ≥ 37.4 °C (%)

283 (79)

100 (76)

0.58

15 (52)

16 (55)

32 (54)

0.96

Haematocrit (%)

       

 Mean (95 % CI)

32.3 (31.9–32.8)

31.2 (30.5–32)

0.02

30.3 (29.2–32.3)

31.5 (29.7–33.2)

33.4 (33.2–34.5)

0.01

 No. < 30 % (%)

78 (22)

45 (34)

0.01

11 (38)

6 (21)

11 (19)

0.12

Parasitaemia (μL−1)

       

 Geometric mean

59,978

60,210

0.48

55,803

45,054

33,543

0.07

 Range

1636–1,096,636

1657–900,532

 

2100–249,600

2220–454,875

2000–458,750

 

 No. > 100,000 μL−1 (%)

107(30)

43 (33)

0.62

10 (34)

8 (28)

13 (22)

0.46

 No. > 100,000 μL−1 (%)

30 (8)

13 (10)

0.73

0 (0)

3 (10)

4 (7)

0.68

No. with parasitaemia on day 1 (%)

22 (6)

23 (17)

0.05

14 (48)

15 (52)

28 (47)

0.93

Parasite positivity on day 3 (%)

2 (0.6)

1 (0.7)

1.0

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

-

PRRD1

       

 Geometric mean

3.3 × 104

1.6 × 104

0.27

2.4 × 103

1.3 × 103

1.9 × 104

0.84

 Range

2.0 × 100-1.1 × 106

2.1 × 100-9.0 × 105

 

3.3 × 100-2.4 × 106

7.1 × 10−1-4.5 × 105

5.6 × 10−1-1.3 × 105

PRRD2

      

0.08

 Geometric mean

5.7 × 104

6.0 × 104

0.4

4.1 × 104

4.5 × 104

2.6 × 104

 Range

1.6 × 101-1.1 × 106

1.6 × 103-9.0 × 105

 

2.1 × 103-2.4 × 106

2.2 × 103-4.5 × 105

3.5 × 101-4.6 × 105

Parasitological efficacy

       

 ACPR

348

136

 

27

28

59

 

 LPF

12

4

 

2

1

0

 

 LCF

0

0

 

0

0

0

 

 ETF

0

0

 

0

0

0

 

 Cure rate (%)

98.7

97.1

1.0

93.1

95.8

100

1.0

Fever clearance time (day)

       

 Mean (95 % CI)

1.1 (1–1.1)

1.1 (1–1.2)

0.28

1.1 (0.9–1.3)

1.3 (1–1.5)

1.1 (1–1.2)

0.3

Parasite clearance time (day)

       

 Mean (95 % CI)

1.1 (1.05–1.1)

1.2 (1.1–1.3)

0.004

1.6 (1.4–1.9)

1.6 (1.4–1.8)

1.5 (1.4–1.7)

0.84

Anaemia recovery time (day)

       

 Mean (95 % CI)

11.1 (9.5–12.7)

9.4 (7.3–11.5)

0.22

18.9 (13.1–24.7)

22.8 (21–45)

11.2 (5–17.4)

0.09

  1. AA artesunate-amodiaquine, AL artemether-lumefantrine, DHP dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, PRR D1 parasite reduction ratio 1 day after treatment started, PRR D1 parasite reduction ratio 2 days after treatment started, ACPR adequate clinical and parasitological responses, LPF late parasitological failure, LCF late clinical failure, ETF early treatment failure; a, study conducted between 2008 and 2013, b, study conducted in 2014