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Table 3 Demographic characteristics, signs, symptoms and case definitions associated with laboratory confirmed RSV infections

From: Evaluation of case definitions to detect respiratory syncytial virus infection in hospitalized children below 5 years in Rural Western Kenya, 2009–2013

 

RSV + ve

RSV -ve

Crude RR

p-value

 

n = 470

n = 3340

(95 % CI)

 

Demographic characteristics

n

%

n

%

  

Age group

      

  < 1 year

238

50.6

1518

45.4

Ref

 

 1- < 5 years

232

49.4

1822

54.6

0.83(0.70,0.99)

0.03

Sex

      

 Male

254

54.0

1802

54.0

Ref

 

 Female

216

46.0

1538

46.0

1.00(0.84,1.18)

0.97

HIV status

      

 Positive

24

5.1

152

4.6

Ref

 

 Negative

240

51.1

1728

51.7

0.89(0.61,1.32)

0.57

 Unknown

206

43.8

1460

43.7

0.91(0.61,1.34)

0.63

Sign, symptoms and case definitions

      

 Any fever

424

90.2

2984

89.3

1.09(0.82,1.45)

0.56

  Measured fever ≥38 °C

126

26.8

797

23.9

1.15(0.95,1.39)

0.16

  Reported fever

418

88.9

2957

88.5

1.04(0.79,1.36)

0.8

 Cough

453

96.4

3023

90.5

2.56(1.60,4.10)

<0.01

 Difficulty breathing

291

61.9

1715

51.3

1.46(1.23,1.74)

<0.01

 Chest pain

1

0.2

23

0.7

0.34(0.05,2.30)

0.27

 Night sweats

337

71.7

2224

66.6

1.24(1.02,1.49)

0.03

 Tachypneaa

288

61.3

1948

58.3

1.11(0.94,1.33)

0.22

 Hypoxiab

121

26.2

507

15.6

1.76(1.46,2.12)

<0.01

 Wheeze

125

26.6

569

17.0

1.63(1.35,1.96)

<0.01

 Stridor

36

7.7

142

4.3

1.69(1.25,2.30)

<0.01

 Nasal flaring

146

31.1

739

22.1

1.49(1.24,1.78)

<0.01

 Chest In-drawing

145

30.9

699

20.9

1.57(1.31,1.88)

<0.01

 SARI

389

82.8

2579

77.2

1.36(1.09,1.71)

0.01

 ILI

112

23.8

678

20.3

1.20(0.98,1.46)

0.08

 IMCI Non-severe pneumonia

95

20.2

777

23.3

0.85(0.69,1.06)

0.14

 IMCI severe pneumonia

71

15.1

310

9.3

1.60(1.27,2.01)

<0.01

 IMCI very severe pneumonia

236

50.2

1719

51.5

0.96(0.81,1.13)

0.61

 Cough or difficulty breathing plus hypoxia, chest in-drawing or wheeze

257

54.7

1316

39.4

1.72(1.15,2.03)

<0.01

  1. aDefined as respiratory rate ≥60 breaths per minute in kids <2 months, ≥50 breaths per minute in kids 2–11 months, ≥40 breaths per minute for kids 1- < 5 years
  2. bDefined as oxygen saturation <90 % on room air. 14/3810 missing oxygen saturation