Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analyses comparing patients with and without HAI in relation to potential risk factors

Sex

 Female (2,007)

45 (2.2)

1,962 (97.8)

1

1

 Male (2,022)

102 (5.0)

1,920 (95.0)

2.32 (1.62–3.31), P < 0.05

2.25 (1.53–3.32), P < 0.05

Age

  ≤ 17 years (133)

1 (0.8)

132 (99.2)

0.35 (0.05–2.58), P = 0.31

0.55 (0.07–4.55), P = 0.58

 18–34 years (506)

6 (1.2)

500 (98.8)

0.56 (0.24–1.32), P = 0.19

0.82 (0.34–1.95), P = 0.65

 35–64 years (1,949)

41 (2.1)

1,908 (97.9)

1

1

 65–84 years (1,307)

99 (6.9)

1,342 (93.1)

2.79 (1.89–4.12), P < 0.05

2.19 (1.44–3.32), P < 0.05

 ≥ 85 years (134)

25 (18.7)

109 (81.3)

10.67 (6.26–18.20), P < 0.05

4.74 (2.54–8.83), P < 0.05

Wards

 Medicine (1,457)

47 (3.2)

1,410 (96.8)

1

1

 Surgery (1,199)

26 (2.2)

1,173 (97.8)

0.67 (0.41–1.08), P = 0.10

0.29 (0.17–0.52), P < 0.05

 Traditional Chinese Medicine (892)

32 (3.6)

860 (96.4)

1.12 (0.71–1.76), P = 0.64

1.27 (0.79–2.05), P = 0.32

 ICU^b (120)

42 (35.0)

78 (65.0)

16.15 (10.05–25.96), P < 0.05

2.42 (1.31–4.49), P < 0.05

 Pediatrics (73)

0 (0.0)

73 (100.0)

-

-

 Gynecology/Obstetrics (65)

0 (0.0)

65 (100.0)

-

-

 Ophthalmology/Otorhinolaryngology (223)

0 (0.0)

223 (100.0)

-

-

Central/Peripheral arteriovenous catheter

 No (3,532)

91 (2.6)

3,441 (97.4)

1

1

 Yes (497)

56 (11.3)

441 (88.7)

4.80 (3.39–6.80), P < 0.05

1.43 (0.87–2.36), P = 0.16

Indwelling urinary catheter

 No (3,402)

71 (2.1)

3,331 (97.9)

1

1

 Yes (627)

76 (12.1)

551 (87.9)

6.47 (4.63–9.06), P < 0.05

4.21 (2.46–7.20), P < 0.05

Mechanical ventilation

 No (3,710)

97 (2.6)

3,613 (97.4)

1

1

 Yes (319)

50 (15.7)

269 (84.3)

6.92 (4.82–9.95), P < 0.05

2.31 (1.30–4.09), P < 0.05