Table 6 Results of Meta-Analyses in Aerobic Exercise and HIV Systematic Review: Weight and Body Composition Outcomes

Mean Body Weight (kg)

Aerobic (constant or interval) exercise or combined aerobic and PRE compared with no exercise

5 studies

(Dolan 2006 [51]; Grinspoon 2000 [42]; Lox 1995 [38]; Smith 2001 [40])

151

0.38 kg

−1.55, 2.31

0.70

48 %

(p = 0.10)

No significant difference in change in body weight among exercisers compared with non-exercisers.

Aerobic exercise (constant or interval) compared with no exercise

AND

Constant aerobic exercise compared with no exercise

2 studies

(Lox 1995 [38]; Smith 2001 [40])

68

0.37 kg

−5.32, 6.05

0.90

71 %

(p = 0.06)

No significant difference in change in body weight among exercisers compared with non-exercisers.

Combined aerobic and PRE group compared with no exercise

3 studies

(Dolan 2006 [51]; Grinspoon 2000 [42]; Tiozzo 2011 [26])

83

0.81 kg

−0.94, 2.56

0.37

19 %

(p = 0.29)

No significant difference in change in body weight among exercisers compared with non-exercisers.

Combined aerobic exercise and diet or nutrition counselling group compared with diet or nutrition counselling alone

3 studies

(Balasumbramanyam 2011; Ogalha 2011 [28]; Terry 2006 [52])

161

−0.58 kg

−4.33, 3.17

0.76

93 %

(p < 0.00001)

No significant difference in change in body weight for participants in the combined aerobic exercise and diet or nutrition counselling group compared with the diet or nutrition counselling group only.

Body Mass Index (kg/m²)

Aerobic (constant or interval) exercise or combined aerobic and PRE compared with no exercise

6 studies

(Dolan 2006 [51]; Farinatti 2010 [32]; Fitch 2012 [31]; Lox 1995 [38]; Mutimura 2008a [45]; Tiozzo 2011 [26])

227

0.07 kg/m²

−0.52, 0.66

0.81

59 %

(p = 0.03)

No significant difference in change in body mass index among exercisers compared with non-exercisers.

Constant aerobic exercise compared with no exercise

2 studies

(Lox 1995 [38]; Mutimura 2008a [45])

118

0.06 kg/m²

−1.89, 2.02

0.95

64 %

(p = 0.10)

No significant difference in change in body mass index among exercisers compared with non-exercisers.

Combined aerobic and PRE group compared with no exercise

4 studies

(Dolan 2006 [51]; Farinatti 2010 [32]; Fitch 2012 [31]; Tiozzo 2011 [26])

109

0.21 kg/m²

−0.27, 0.68

0.40

0 %

(p = 0.40)

No significant difference in change in body mass index among exercisers compared with non-exercisers.

Combined aerobic exercise and diet or nutrition counselling group compared with diet or nutrition counselling alone

3 studies

(Balasubramanyam 2011 [33]; Ogalha 2011 [28]; Terry 2006 [52])

161

−0.57 kg/m²

−1.26, 0.13

0.11

82 %

(p = 0.004)

No significant difference in change in body mass index for participants in the combined aerobic exercise and diet or nutrition counselling group compared with the diet or nutrition counselling group only.

Lean Body Mass (kg)

Aerobic (constant or interval) exercise or combined aerobic and PRE compared with no exercise

4 studies

(Farinatti 2010 [32]; Grinspoon 2000 [42]; Lox 1995 [38]; Perez-Moreno 2007 [27])

89

1.75 kg

0.13, 3.37

0.03^a

16 %

(p = 0.31)

Significant increase in lean body mass among exercisers compared with non-exercisers.

Combined aerobic and PRE group compared with no exercise

3 studies

(Farinatti 2010 [32], Grinspoon 2000 [42]; Perez-Moreno [27])

68

1.23 kg

−0.62, 3.08

0.19

17 %

(p = 0.30)

No difference in lean body mass among exercisers compared with non-exercisers.

Leg Muscle Area (cm²)

Combined aerobic and PRE group compared with no exercise

2 studies

(Dolan 2006 [51]; Grinspoon 2000 [42])

60

4.79 cm²

2.04, 7.54

0.0007^a

11 %

(p = 0.29)

Significant increase in leg muscle area among exercisers compared with non-exercisers.

Percent Body Fat (%)

Constant aerobic exercise compared with no exercise

2 studies

(Lox 1995 [38]; Mutimura 2008a [45])

119

−1.12 %

−2.18, −0.07

0.04^a

8 %

(p = 0.30)

Significant decrease in percent body fat among exercisers compared with non-exercisers.

Combined aerobic exercise and diet or nutrition counselling group compared with diet or nutrition counselling alone

2 studies

(Ogalha 2011 [28]; Terry 2006 [52])

93

−2.35 %

−4.20, −0.50

0.01^a

46 %

(p = 0.17)

Significant decrease in percent body fat among participants in the combined aerobic exercise and diet or nutrition counselling group compared with the diet or nutrition counselling group only.

Fat Mass (kg)

Aerobic (constant or interval) exercise or combined aerobic and PRE compared with no exercise

4 studies

(Dolan 2006 [51]; Fitch 2012 [31]; Grinspoon 2000 [42]; Lox 1995 [38])

102

0.15 kg

−0.59, 0.90

0.69

0 %

(p = 0.82)

No difference in change in fat mass among exercisers compared with non-exercisers.

Combined aerobic and PRE group compared with no exercise

3 studies

(Dolan 2006 [51]; Fitch 2012 [31]; Grinspoon 2000 [42])

81

0.18 kg

−0.74, 1.10

0.70

0 %

(p = 0.63)

No difference in change in fat mass among exercisers compared with non-exercisers.

Waist Circumference (cm)

Aerobic (constant or interval) exercise or combined aerobic and PRE compared with no exercise

5 studies

(Dolan 2006 [51]; Fitch 2012 [31]; Mutimura 2008a [45], Smith 2001 [40])

224

−2.16 cm

−4.86, 0.54

0.12

82 %

(p = 0.0002)

No difference in change in waist circumference among exercisers compared with non-exercisers.

Constant aerobic exercise compared with no exercise

2 studies (Mutimura 2008a [45]; Smith 2001 [40]; Tiozzo 2011 [26])

142

−3.53 cm

−10.25, 3.19

0.30

94 %

(p < 0.0001)

No difference in change in waist circumference among exercisers compared with non-exercisers.

Combined aerobic and PRE group compared with no exercise

3 studies

(Dolan 2006 [51]; Fitch 2012; [31])

82

−1.33 cm

−4.21, 1.54

0.36

37 %

(p = 0.21)

No difference in change in waist circumference among exercisers compared with non-exercisers.

Hip Circumference (cm)

Aerobic (constant or interval) exercise or combined aerobic and PRE compared with no exercise

3 studies

(Mutimura 2008a [45]; Smith 2001 [40])

165

−0.06 cm

−0.23, 0.11

0.50

0 %

(p = 0.44)

No difference in change in hip circumference among exercisers compared with non-exercisers.

Constant aerobic exercise compared with no exercise

2 studies

(Mutimura 2008a [45]; Smith 2001 [40]; Tiozzo 2011 [26])

142

0.11 cm

−0.63, 0.85

0.77

35 %

(p = 0.22)

No difference in change in hip circumference among exercisers compared with non-exercisers.

Waist-to-Hip Ratio (cm)

Combined aerobic and PRE group compared with no exercise

2 studies

(Mutimura 2008a [45]; Smith 2001 [40])

142

−0.51 cm

−1.47, 0.45

0.30

100 %

(p < 0.00001)

No difference in change in waist-to-hip ratio among exercisers compared with non-exercisers.

Combined aerobic exercise and diet or nutrition counselling group compared with diet or nutrition counselling alone

2 studies

(Ogalha 2011 [28]; Terry 2006 [52])

93

0.02 cm

0.01, 0.03

<0.00001^a

0 %

(p = 1.00)

Significantly greater increase in waist-to-hip ratio among participants in the combined aerobic exercise and diet or nutrition counselling group compared with the diet or nutrition counselling group only.