Outcomes | Sub-Group Comparison of Meta-Analysis | # of Individual Studies Included in Meta-Analysis | Number of Participants Included in Meta-Analysis | Weighted Mean Difference (WMD) | 95Â % Confidence Interval | P value of overall effect | I2 statistic (p value for heterogeneity) | Interpretation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VO2max (ml/kg/min) | Aerobic (constant or interval) exercise or combined aerobic and PRE compared with no exercise | 8 studies (Baigis 2002 [50]; Dolan 2006 [51]; Fitch 2012 [31]; Mutimura 2008a [45]; Perna 1999 [48]; Smith 2001 [40]; Stringer 1998 [49], Tiozzo 2011 [26]) | 358 | 2.87 ml/kg/minb | 1.69, 4.04 | <0.0001a | 67 % (p = 0.003) | Significant (and potential clinically important) improvement in change in VO2max among exercisers compared with non-exercisers. |
Aerobic exercise (constant or interval) compared with no exercise | 5 studies (Baigis 2002 [50]; Mutimura 2008a [45]; Perna 1999 [48]; Smith 2001 [40]; Stringer 1998 [49]) | 276 | 2.63 ml/kg/minb | 1.19, 4.07 | 0.0003a | 79 % (p = 0.0008) | Significant (and potential clinically important) improvement in change in VO2max among exercisers compared with non-exercisers. | |
Constant aerobic exercise group compared with no exercise | 4 studies (Baigis 2002 [50]; Mutimura 2008a [45]; Smith 2001 [40]; Stringer 1998 [49]) | 248 | 2.40 ml/kg/minb | 0.82, 3.99 | 0.003a | 83 % (p = 0.0006) | Significant (and potential clinically important) improvement in change in VO2max among exercisers compared with non-exercisers. | |
Combined aerobic and PRE group compared with no exercise | 3 studies | 82 | 3.71 ml/kg/minb | 1.73, 5.70 | 0.0002a | 0 % (p = 0.84) | Significant (and potential clinically important) improvement in change in VO2max among exercisers compared with non-exercisers. | |
Heavy versus moderate intensity exercise | 2 studies | 24 | 4.30 ml/kg/minb | 0.61, 7.98 | 0.02a | 67 % (p = 0.99) | Greater (and potential clinically important) improvement in VO2max for participants in the heavy-intensity exercise group compared with the moderate-intensity exercise group. | |
Combined aerobic exercise and diet or nutrition counselling group compared with diet or nutrition counselling alone | 2 studies | 93 | 3.36 ml/kg/minb | −3.03, 9.75 | 0.30 | 88 % (p = 0.004) | No significant difference in change in VO2max was found for participants in the combined aerobic exercise and diet or nutrition counselling group compared with the diet or nutrition counselling group only | |
Maximum Heart Rate (bpm) | Aerobic (constant or interval) exercise or combined aerobic and PRE compared with no exercise | 4 studies (Lox 1995 [38]; Perez-Moreno 2007 [27]; Perna 1999 [48]; Rigsby 1992 [47]) | 92 | −7.33 beats per minute | −22.52, 7.87 | 0.34 | 97 % (p < 0.00001) | Non-significant trend towards a decrease in heart rate maximum among exercisers compared with non-exercisers. |
Aerobic (constant or interval) exercise or combined aerobic and PRE compared with no exercise | 2 studies | 49 | −9.81 beats per minute | −26.28, 6.67 | 0.24 | 92 % (p = 0.0003) | Non-significant trend towards a decrease in heart rate maximum among exercisers compared with non-exercisers. | |
Combined aerobic and PRE group compared with no exercise | 2 studies | 43 | −4.91 beats per minute | −34.13, 24.30 | 0.74 | 99 % (p < 0.00001) | No significant difference in change in heart rate maximum among exercisers compared with non-exercisers. | |
Exercise Time (min) | Aerobic (constant or interval) exercise or combined aerobic and PRE compared with no exercise | 4 studies (Dolan 2006 [51]; Fitch 2012 [31]; Rigsby 1992 [47]; Smith 2001 [40]) | 129 | 2.66 min | 0.12, 5.19 | 0.04a | 98 % (p < 0.00001) | Significant increase in exercise time among exercisers compared with non-exercisers. |
Combined aerobic and PRE group compared with no exercise | 3 studies | 83 | 3.29 min | 0.10, 6.49 | 0.04a | 97 % (p < 0.00001) | Significant increase in exercise time among exercisers compared with non-exercisers. |