Duke’s criteria | Cardiac tissue | Tissue gram stain | Tissue culture | Blood culture | Fast DPO PCR | Bacterial 16S sequencing Identification | Diagnostic impact |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Definite | MV | GPC | No growth | No growth | Positive | Staphylococcus lugdenensis | New |
Definite | MV | Negative | No growth | No Growth | Positive | Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis | New |
Definite | PAV | GPB | Cons; broth only | No growth | Positive | P. acnes | New |
Definite | MV | GPC | S. Mitis | No growth | Positive | Streptococcus sanguinis | Change |
Definite | MV papillary leaflet | Negative | S. bovis group | S. salivarius | Positive | S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianis | Change |
Definite | AV | GPC | No growth | S. bovis | Positive | S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianis | Change |
Definite | MV Vegetation | Negative | No growth | S. mitis | Positive | S. oralis/sanguinis | Change |
Definite | AV | Negative | No growth | S. salivarius | Positive | S. mitis group (S. cristatus/oralis/mitis) | Change |
Definite | MV | Negative | No growth | S. salivarius | Positive | S. mitis group (S. cristatus/oralis/infantis) | Change |
Definite | AV vegetation | Negative | S. bovis group | S. bovis | Positive | S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus | Change |
Definite | AV vegetation | Negative | No growth | GGS | Positive | S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis | Change |
Definite | PAV | Negative | E. faecalis/CONS; broth only | S. agalactiae | Positive | S. agalactiae | Change |
Definite | AV vegetation | Negative | No growth | S. mitis | Positive | S. sanguinis | Change |
Definite | PMV | GPC | S. mitis group | Group C Strep | Positive | S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis | Change |
Definite | AV | GPC | S. mitis group | S. mitis | Positive | S. sanguinis | Change |
Definite | PAV | Negative | No growth | CoNS | Positive | E. faecalis | Change |
Definite | MV | Negative | CoNS broth only | CoNS | Positive | S. epidermidis | Change |
Definite | MV Vegetation | Mixed GPC | No growth | S. mitis | Positive | S. mitis | None |
Definite | MV | Negative | S. agalactiae; broth only | S. agalactiae | Positive | S. agalactiae | None |
Definite | AV abscess | Negative | No growth | S. mitis | Positive | S. mitis group (mitis/tigurinus) | None |
Definite | AV abscess | Negative | Enterococcus faecalis; broth only | E. faecalis | Positive | E. faecalis | None |
Definite | MV | Negative | No growth | Haemophilus parainfluenzae | Positive | H. parainfluenzae | None |
Definite | AV | Negative | No growth | Streptococcus pneumoniae | Positive | S. pneumoniae | None |
Definite | AV Vegetation | Positive | E. faecalis | E. faecalis | Positive | E. faecalis | None |
Definite | MV | GPC | No growth | S. mitis | Positive | S. mitis | None |
Definite | AV | Negative | E. faecalis | E. faecalis | Positive | E. faecalis | None |
Definite | AV | Negative | No growth | E. faecalis | Positive | E. faecalis | None |
Definite | AV | Negative | No growth | E. faecalis | Positive | E. faecalis | None |
Definite | Aortic lesion | Negative | No growth | Granulicatella adiacens | Positive | G. adiacens | None |
Definite | AV | GPC | No growth | E. faecalis | Positive | E. faecalis | None |
Definite | AV | Negative | S. lugdenensis | S. lugdenensis | Positive | S. lugdenensis | None |
Definite | AV | GPC | No growth | S. mutans | Positive | S. mutans | None |
Definite | Aortic annulus | Negative | No growth | S. mitis | Positive | S. mitis | None |
Definite | AV | Negative | Cardiobacterium hominis | C. hominis | Positive | C. hominis | None |
Definite | AV leaflet | Negative | No growth | S. agalactiae | Positive | S. agalactiae | None |
Definite | MV | Negative | S. lugdenensis | S. lugdenensis | Positive | S. lugdenensis | None |
Definite | AV leaflet | Negative | E. faecalis | E. faecalis | Positive | E. faecalis | None |
Definite | MV vegetation | Negative | S. lugdenensis; broth only | S. lugdenensis | Positive | S. lugdenensis | None |
Definite | AV; left atrial lesion | Negative | S. aureus; broth only | S. aureus | Positive | S. aureus | None |
Definite | AV | Negative | No growth | S. mitis | Positive | S. mitis/sanguinis | None |
Definite | PAV | Negative | No growth | S. salivarius | Positive | S. salivarius | None |
Definite | AV | Negative | E. coli | No growth | Positive | E. coli | None |
Definite | MV vegetation | GPB | H. parainfluenzae | H. parainfluenzae | Positive | H. parainfluenzae | None |
Definite | MV | Negative | CoNS; broth only | No growth | Negative | Not Done | None |
Definite | MV | Negative | No growth | E. faecalis | Positive | E. faecalis | None |
Definite | Aorta | Negative | No Growth | E. faecalis | Positive | E. faecalis | None |
Definite | AV | Negative | No Growth | S. aureus | Negative | Not done | None |
Definite | AV | Negative | No Growth | S. aureus | Positive | Mixed | None |
Definite | AV vegetation | Negative | S. bovis | S. bovis | Positive | S. bovis | None |
Definite | AV | Positive | S. aureus | S. aureus | Negative | Negative | None |
Possible | PAV | Negative | No growth | No Growth | Positive | Acinetobacter junii | New |
Possible | AV | Negative | No Growth | No Growth | Positive | Delftia tsuruhatensis | New |
Possible | AV | Negative | No Growth | No Growth | Positive | S. infantis | New |
Possible | AV | Negative | No growth | No growth | Negative | Negative | None |
Possible | AV | Negative | No Growth | No Growth | Negative | Negative | None |
Possible | PAV | Negative | No Growth | No Growth | Negative | Negative | None |
Possible | AV | Negative | No Growth | No Growth | Negative | Negative | None |
Possible | AV | Negative | No Growth | No Growth | Negative | Negative | None |
Negative | AV | Negative | No Growth | No Growth | Positive | E. faecalis | New |
Negative | MV | Negative | No Growth | No Growth | Negative | Negative | None |
Negative | MV | Negative | No Growth | No Growth | Negative | Negative | None |
Negative | PMV | Negative | No Growth | No Growth | Negative | Negative | None |
Negative | AV | Negative | No Growth | No Growth | Negative | Negative | None |
Negative | AV | Negative | No Growth | No Growth | Negative | Negative | None |
Negative | AV vegetation | Negative | No Growth | No Growth | Positive | Mixed | None |
Negative | MV thrombus | Negative | No Growth | No Growth | Negative | Negative | None |
Negative | MV | Negative | No Growth | No Growth | Negative | Negative | None |
Negative | AV | Negative | No Growth | No Growth | Positive | Mixed | None |