Table 1 Clinical features and outcomes in non-HIV patients with disseminated MAC infections

1

85/M

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance

Fever, pain over sternum

Sternal mass biopsy tissue, sputum

Clarithromycin, ethambutol and rifampicin for 11 months

10 months

Skin nodules, sputum

Restarted on clarithromycin, ethambutol and rifampicin; died during treatment due to suspected lymphoma

2

43/F

Systemic lupus erythematosus on azathioprine

Fever, per vaginal bleeding, cutaneous nodules over legs, groin lymphadenopathy

High vaginal swab, groin lymph node, skin biopsy

Clarithromycin, ethambutol and rifampicin for 21 months

3 years

Bone marrow, femoral bone, knee joint fluid

Repeat course of clarithromycin, ethambutol and rifampicin; still receiving treatment (as of March 2015)

3

67/F^d

Autoantibody against IFN-γ, paraproteinemia

Fever

Blood, bone marrow

Azithromycin, ethambutol and rifampicin for 24 months

Azithromycin secondary prophylaxis

No dMAC recurrence

N/A

Developed lymphoma and died 9 months after completion of anti-MAC treatment

4

42/F

Autoantibody against IFN-γ

Sjogren’s syndrome, autoimmune myelofibrosis on prednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil

Fever, night sweats, pain over sternum

Sternal bone aspirate

Clarithromycin, ethambutol and rifampicin for 12 months

1 year

Blood, sputum

Repeat course of clarithromycin, ethambutol and rifampicin; still receiving treatment (as of March 2015)

5

43/F

Autoantibody against IFN-γ

Systemic lupus erythematosus, mixed connective tissue disease

Fever, cough

Bone marrow, lung biopsy, sputum

Clarithromycin, ethambutol and rifampicin; still receiving treatment

(as of March 2015)

N/A

N/A

Radiological improvement in consolidative changes of left lung on interval imaging