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Table 5 Congenital abnormalities in live born and stillborn infants (n=4645) by LPV/r exposure timing

From: Maternal and foetal outcomes among 4118 women with HIV infection treated with lopinavir/ritonavir during pregnancy: analysis of population-based surveillance data from the national study of HIV in pregnancy and childhood in the United Kingdom and Ireland

 

Overall

Any first trimester exposure to LPV/r

Earliest LPV/r exposure in second/third trimester

Total live births (singleton + multiple), n

4609

1116

3403

ᅟLive births with ≥1 abnormality, n (%)

134a (2.9)

32 (2.9)

97 (2.9)

ᅟᅟ95 % CI

2.4–3.4

1.9–3.8

2.3–3.4

Stillbirths, n

36

8

27

ᅟStillbirths with ≥1 abnormality, n (%)

6 (16.7)

1 (12.5)

5 (18.5)

ᅟᅟ95 % CI

3.9–29.5

–

2.9–34.2

Category of abnormality

á…ŸCNS

8

3

5

á…ŸEye, ear, face and neckb

4

0

4

á…ŸCleft lip and/or palate

2

1

1

á…ŸObstructive heart defects, right

2

0

2

á…ŸObstructive heart defects, left

1

0

1

ᅟHeart—other defects

13

6

6

á…ŸRespiratory systemc

3

1

2

á…ŸLower gastrointestinal system

8

2

6

á…ŸFemale genitalia

1

1

0

á…ŸMale genitaliad

6

1

5

á…ŸRenal and urinary systemc

13

2

10

á…ŸLimb reduction/additione

31

5

25

á…ŸOther musculoskeletal defects

15

3

12

á…ŸSkin and skin derivativesf

8

2

5

á…ŸChromosome anomaly

15

4

11

á…ŸOther organ systems-specified

4

1

3

á…ŸSpecified syndromes

3

1

1

á…ŸUnspecified abnormality

3

0

3

  1. Abbreviations: LPV/r lopinavir/ritonavir, CI confidence interval, CNS central nervous system
  2. aIncludes 5 infants (5 live born) for whom information regarding the timing of LPV/r initiation was unavailable. None of these pregnancies were conceived on LPV/r
  3. b4 minor
  4. c1 minor
  5. d3 minor
  6. e28 minor
  7. f7 minor