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Table 1 Maternal demographic and disease characteristics, stratified by timing of LPV/r exposurea

From: Maternal and foetal outcomes among 4118 women with HIV infection treated with lopinavir/ritonavir during pregnancy: analysis of population-based surveillance data from the national study of HIV in pregnancy and childhood in the United Kingdom and Ireland

Variable

All

Pregnancies

(N=4864)

Pregnancies With Conception on LPV/r

(n=980)

Pregnancies With Initiation of LPV/r

(n=3884)

P Value

Between Groups

 

N (%) or Median (IQR)

 

Age at conception, y

30.4

(26.6–34.3)

33.3

(29.8–36.6)

29.7

(26.0–33.6)

<0.001*

Ethnic group

á…ŸWhite

742 (15.3)

135 (13.8)

607 (15.6)

0.07

á…ŸBlack African

3742 (77.0)

781 (79.7)

2961 (76.3)

á…ŸOther

377 (7.8)

64 (6.5)

313 (8.1)

á…ŸMissingb

3

–

3

Region of birth

á…ŸUnited Kingdom/Ireland

663 (13.8)

114 (11.8)

549 (14.3)

0.022*

á…ŸSub-Saharan Africa

3678 (76.5)

769 (79.3)

2909 (75.8)

á…ŸElsewhere

469 (9.8)

87 (9.0)

382 (9.9)

á…ŸMissingb

54

10

44

Timing of maternal HIV diagnosis

á…ŸPre-pregnancy

2914 (59.9)

980 (100)

1934 (49.8)

–

á…ŸDuring pregnancy

1950 (40.1)

–

1950 (50.2)

á…Ÿá…ŸFirst trimester

550 (11.3)

–

550 (14.2)

á…Ÿá…ŸSecond trimester

970 (19.9)

–

970 (25.0)

á…Ÿá…ŸThird trimester

206 (4.2)

–

206 (5.3)

á…Ÿá…ŸTrimester unknown

224 (4.6)

–

224 (5.8)

HIV symptoms in pregnancy

á…ŸYes

257 (5.7)

99 (11.1)

158 (4.3)

–

á…ŸNo

4289 (94.3)

792 (88.9)

3497 (95.7)

á…ŸMissingb

318

89

229

Maternal HIV risk factor

á…ŸNot IDU-related

4784 (98.4)

956 (97.6)

3828 (98.6)

–

á…ŸIDU-related

80 (1.6)

24 (2.4)

56 (1.4)

NRTI backbone

ᅟZDV + 3TC

3306 (68.0)

271 (27.7)

3035 (78.1)

–

ᅟFTC + TDF

499 (10.3)

247 (25.2)

252 (6.5)

–

ᅟABC + 3TC

301 (6.2)

156 (15.9)

145 (3.7)

–

á…ŸOther

725 (14.9)

295 (30.1)

430 (11.1)

–

á…ŸMissing

33 (0.7)

11 (1.1)

22 (0.6)

–

Baseline CD4+ T-cell count in pregnancy,c n

3593

752

2841

–

á…ŸMissingb

1271

228

1043

–

á…ŸMedian, cells/mm3

390 (270–540)

460 (330–600)

370 (260–520)

<0.001*

Pre-LPV/r initiation CD4+ T-cell count, n

–

N/A

2503

–

á…ŸMedian, cells/mm3

–

N/A

370 (260–520)

–

á…ŸMissingb

–

N/A

1381

–

Delivery CD4+ T-cell count,d n

3712

688

3024

–

á…ŸMedian, cells/mm3

450 (320–590)

440 (330–560)

450 (310–600)

–

á…ŸMissingb

1152

292

860

–

Viral load at baseline,c n

–

716

3336e

–

á…ŸMedian, copies/mL

–

N/A

5200 (862–22,279)

–

á…Ÿ<50 copies/mL

–

587 (82.0)

N/A

–

ᅟ≥50 copies/mL

–

129 (18.0)

N/A

–

á…ŸMissing

–

182

910

–

Viral load at delivery,d n

–

747

3336e

–

á…Ÿ<50 copies/mL

–

677 (90.6)

2302 (69.0)

–

ᅟ≥50–999 copies/mL

–

70 (9.4)

798 (23.9)

–

ᅟ≥1000 copies/mL

–

–

236 (7.1)

–

á…ŸMissing

–

151

910

–

  1. Abbreviations: LPV/r lopinavir/ritonavir, IQR interquartile range, IDU injecting drug use, ZDV zidovudine, 3TC lamivudine, FTC emtricitabine, TDF tenofovir, ABC abacavir, N/A not available
  2. *Statistically significant, P < 0.05
  3. aMaternal characteristics were determined on the basis of pregnancies; therefore, some women appear more than once because of repeat pregnancies reported in the study period
  4. bExcluded from denominator
  5. cFirst reported measurements in the first or second trimester of pregnancy
  6. dMeasurements reported closest to delivery in the third trimester or within 7 days of delivery. If not available, the last measurement taken up to 28 days before and 7 days after delivery was used
  7. ePregnancy where the outcome was a live birth or stillbirth and data were available on the timing of initiation of LPV/r and delivery viral load
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BMC Infectious Diseases

ISSN: 1471-2334

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