Table 3 Diagnostic value of lactate at admission and a combination of clinical fluid accumulation with lactate at admission
Cutoff value | The 2009 WHO definitions | Sensitivity (95 % CI) | Specificity (95 % CI) | PPV (95 % CI) | NPV (95 % CI) | LR+ (95 % CI) | LR– (95 % CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Severe (n = 20) | Non-severe (n = 105) | |||||||
Lactate at admission (mmol/L) | Â | Â | Â | |||||
  ≥ 1.0 mmol/L | 19 | 96 | 95.0 (75.1–99.9) | 8.6 (4.0–15.6) | 16.5 (10.2–24.6) | 90.0 (55.5–99.8) | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 0.6 (0.1–4.4) |
  ≥ 1.5 mmol/L | 18 | 51 | 90.0 (68.3–98.8) | 51.4 (41.5–61.3) | 26.1 (16.2–38.1) | 96.4 (87.7–99.6) | 1.8 (1.4–2.4) | 0.2 (0.1–0.7) |
  ≥ 2.0 mmol/L | 14 | 15 | 70.0 (45.7–88.1) | 85.7 (77.5– 91.8) | 48.3 (29.4–67.47) | 93.8 (86.9–97.7) | 4.9 (2.8–8.5) | 0.4 (0.2–0.7) |
  ≥ 2.5 mmol/L | 13 | 4 | 65.0 (40.8–84.6) | 96.2 (90.5–99.0) | 76.5 (50.1–93.2) | 93.5 (87.1–97.4) | 17.1 (6.2–47.0) | 0.4 (0.2–0.7) |
Clinical fluid accumulation and/or lactate at admission (mmol/L) | Â | Â | Â | |||||
  ≥ 1.0 mmol/L | 20 | 96 | 100.0 (83.2–100.0) | 8.6 (4.0-15.6) | 17.2 (10.9–25.4) | 100.0 (66.4–100.0) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 0 |
  ≥ 1.5 mmol/L | 20 | 55 | 100.0 (83.2–100.0) | 47.6 (37.8–57.6) | 26.7 (17.1–38.1) | 100.0 (92.9–100.0) | 1.9 (1.6–2.3) | 0 |
  ≥ 2.0 mmol/L | 18 | 22 | 90.0 (68.3–98.8) | 79.1 (70.0–86.4) | 45.0 (29.3–61.5) | 97.6 (91.8–99.7) | 4.3 (2.9–6.4) | 0.1 (0–0.5) |
  ≥ 2.5 mmol/L | 18 | 13 | 90.0 (68.3–98.8) | 87.6 (79.8–93.2) | 58.1 (39.1–75.4) | 97.9 (92.5–99.7) | 7.3 (4.3–12.3) | 0.1 (0–0.4) |