Skip to main content

Table 4 Univariate predictors associated with time to death among patients treated for tuberculosis*

From: Impact of HIV on mortality among patients treated for tuberculosis in Lima, Peru: a prospective cohort study

Characteristic

Unadjusted HR (95 % CI)

P value

Sociodemographic characteristics

 Pediatric casea

0.36 (0.12–1.14)

0.082

 Female gender

0.65 (0.450.95)

0.025

 Unemployed

2.95 (2.094.18)

<0.001

 Did not begin secondary level education, n = 1700

1.08 (0.71–1.65)

0.712

 Substance abuse, n = 1699b

1.72 (1.232.41)

0.002

Comorbidities

 HIV positive

5.99 (4.188.59)

<0.001

 Diabetes mellitus

0.57 (0.26–1.22)

0.146

TB history and risk exposures

 Previously treated for TB

1.62 (0.90–2.93)

0.110

 Prior incarceration, n = 1695c

1.07 (0.52–2.19)

0.854

 Recent hospitalization for >15 daysc

4.13 (1.5311.2)

0.005

 Healthcare occupational exposurec,d

0.15 (0.02–1.08)

0.060

Clinical presentation, all patients

 Duration of symptoms >3 months before DST solicited, n = 1690

0.99 (0.70–1.41)

0.970

 Weight loss, n = 1698

2.99 (1.655.43)

<0.001

 Able to perform ADLs

0.15 (0.100.21)

<0.001

 Low BMI, n = 1693e

2.38 (1.703.35)

<0.001

 Dyspnea, n = 1698

2.90 (2.044.11)

<0.001

 Hemoptysis, n = 1699

0.52 (0.21–1.26)

0.147

 No CXR performed

1.59 (0.65–3.88)

0.312

 Abnormal CXR, n = 1651

0.60 (0.35–1.02)

0.061

 Cavitary disease, n = 1651

0.87 (0.61–1.24)

0.446

 Extrapulmonary TB

1.51 (0.82–2.80)

0.188

Clinical presentation, HIV positive patients only

 Receiving ART at baseline, n = 187

0.72 (0.28–1.82)

0.482

 Receiving cotrimoxazole at baseline, n = 187

0.53 (0.21–1.36)

0.188

 No CD4 performed, n = 187

1.25 (0.60–2.61)

0.550

Microbiologic data

 Baseline bacteriologically unconfirmed TB diagnosisf

2.02 (1.143.59)

0.016

 Baseline sputum AFB smear positive, n = 1669

0.87 (0.53–1.43)

0.589

 Baseline MDR-TB, n = 1211

1.10 (0.73–1.65)

0.658

 No baseline DST result

1.02 (0.70–1.51)

0.906

Treatment course

 Received second line drugs during studyg

0.84 (0.57–1.23)

0.376

 Non-adherence, n = 1689h

0.84 (0.56–1.25)

0.381

  1. ADLs activities of daily living, AFB acid-fast bacilli, ART antiretroviral therapy, BMI body mass index, CI confidence interval, CXR chest x-ray, DST drug susceptibility test, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, HR hazard ratio; MDR-TB multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, TB tuberculosis
  2. *Boldface indicates P < 0.05. For covariates with full data, the model included n = 1701 (568,602 person-days, 136 deaths). For covariates with missing data, the n for the model is provided
  3. aDefined as age <15 years
  4. bDefined as current or past alcohol use or illicit drug use that interfered with family, health, or work
  5. cDuring the past 2 years
  6. dDefined as healthcare worker or student
  7. eDefined as BMI <20 kg/m2 in men, BMI <18.5 kg/m2 in women
  8. fDefined as any case with a positive baseline AFB (not paucibacillary) or with a positive baseline culture
  9. gDefined as receiving a regimen containing second-line drugs at enrollment or post enrollment
  10. hDefined as having spent >20 % of treatment regimen duration off drugs