Table 2 Characteristics of patients treated for tuberculosis, by HIV status*
Characteristic | HIV positive | HIV negative | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
(N = 187) | (N = 1514) | (N = 1701) | |
No. (%) | No. (%) | No. (%) | |
Sociodemographic characteristics | |||
Age (years), mean ± SD | 33.4 ± 10.6 | 33.6 ± 15.9 | 33.6 ± 15.4 |
Female gender | 49 (26.2) | 551 (36.4) | 600 (35.3) |
Married or lived together | 64 (34.2) | 554 (36.6) | 618 (36.3) |
Unemployed | 102 (54.6) | 535 (35.3) | 637 (37.5) |
Did not begin secondary level education, n = 1700 | 30 (16.0) | 318 (21.0) | 348 (20.5) |
Tobacco use, n = 1699a | 59 (31.9) | 382 (25.2) | 441 (26.0) |
Alcohol abuse, n = 1699b | 85 (46.0) | 537 (35.5) | 622 (36.6) |
Illicit drug abuse, n = 1699c | 57 (30.7) | 252 (16.7) | 309 (18.2) |
Comorbidities | |||
Diabetes mellitus | 1 (0.5) | 182 (12.0) | 183 (10.8) |
Chronic corticosteroid therapy | 0 (0) | 6 (0.4) | 6 (0.4) |
Other immunosuppression | 0 (0) | 8 (0.5) | 8 (0.5) |
TB history and risk exposures | |||
Previously treated for TB | 161 (86.1) | 1326 (87.6) | 1487 (87.4) |
Prior incarceration, n = 1695d | 17 (9.2) | 106 (7.0) | 123 (7.3) |
Recent hospitalization for >15 daysd | 2 (1.1) | 14 (0.9) | 16 (0.9) |
Healthcare occupational exposured,e | 1 (0.5) | 84 (5.6) | 85 (5.0) |
Clinical presentation, all patients | |||
Duration of symptoms before DST solicited (months), mean ± SD, n = 1690 | 2.5 ± 3.0 | 3.5 ± 4.9 | 3.4 ± 4.8 |
Able to perform ADLs | 149 (79.7) | 1424 (94.1) | 1573 (92.5) |
Weight loss, n = 1698 | 164 (89.1) | 1202 (79.4) | 1366 (80.5) |
BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD, n = 1693 | 19.9 ± 3.5 | 21.4 ± 3.6 | 21.2 ± 3.6 |
Dyspnea, n = 1698 | 49 (26.3) | 246 (16.3) | 295 (17.4) |
Hemoptysis, n = 1699 | 3 (1.6) | 98 (6.5) | 101 (5.9) |
Chest radiography | |||
Abnormal CXR, n = 1651 | 135 (72.2) | 1375 (90.8) | 1510 (88.8) |
Normal CXR, n = 1651 | 41 (21.9) | 100 (6.6) | 141 (8.3) |
No CXR performed, n = 50 | 11 (5.9) | 39 (2.6) | 50 (2.9) |
Cavitary disease, n = 1651 | 27 (15.3) | 598 (40.5) | 625 (37.9) |
Site of TB disease | |||
Pulmonary only | 157 (84.0) | 1448 (95.6) | 1605 (94.4) |
Extrapulmonary with or without pulmonary | 30 (16.0) | 66 (4.4) | 96 (5.6) |
Clinical presentation, HIV positive patients | |||
Receiving ART at baseline | 24 (12.8) | N/A | N/A |
Receiving cotrimoxazole at baseline | 29 (15.5) | ||
No CD4 performed | 147 (78.6) | N/A | N/A |
Baseline CD4 count (cells/μL) if performed, n = 40 | N/A | N/A | |
< 100 | 13 (32.5) | N/A | N/A |
100–350 | 23 (57.5) | N/A | N/A |
> 350 | 4 (10.0) | N/A | N/A |
Microbiologic data | |||
Baseline bacteriologically unconfirmed TB diagnosisf | 58 (31.0) | 51 (3.4) | 109 (6.4) |
Baseline sputum AFB smear positive, n = 1669 | 86 (50.3) | 1362 (90.9) | 1448 (86.8) |
Baseline TB drug resistance status | |||
Drug susceptible | 74 (39.6) | 576 (38.0) | 650 (38.2) |
Mono-resistant (either H or R) | 20 (10.7) | 133 (8.8) | 153 (9.0) |
MDR-TB | 22 (11.8) | 386 (25.5) | 408 (24.0) |
No result | 71 (38.0) | 419 (27.7) | 490 (28.8) |
Treatment course | |||
Received second line drugs during studyg | 36 (19.3) | 711 (47.0) | 747 (43.9) |
Non-adherence, n = 1689h | 46 (24.6) | 376 (25.0) | 422 (25.0) |