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Table 2 Factors Associated with Prevalent High Risk Anal HPV (Baseline)

From: Genital Epstein Barr Virus is associated with higher prevalence and persistence of anal human papillomavirus in HIV-infected men on antiretroviral therapy

Factor

HR HPV+

HR HPV-

OR

P-value

Adjusted OR

(N = 54)

(N = 66)

(95 % CI)

Any detectable semen EBV DNA, n (%)

25 (46.3)

10 (15.2)

4.8

<0.01

3.99 (1.62–9.81)

No detectable semen EBV DNA, n (%)

29 (53.7)

56 (84.9)

Age (years), mean (95 % CI)

43.8 (40.7–46.9)

46.9 (44.6–49.2)

0.97

0.11

 

Caucasian/Non-Hispanic, n (%)

20 (37.0)

18 (27.3)

1.57

0.32

 

CD4+ T-cells/μL, mean (95 % CI)

518 (451–586)

631 (572–690)

0.8

0.01

0.89 (0.76–1.06)

Blood HIV RNA <50 copies/ml, n (%)

42 (77.8)

58 (87.9)

0.48

0.14

 

Any detectable HIV RNA in semen, n (%)

7 (13.2)

6 (9.1)

1.52

0.16

 

Any detectable HHV DNA, n (%)

38 (70.4)

40 (60.6)

1.54

0.26

 

Any detectable HSV-1/HSV-2 DNA, n (%)

1 (1.9)

2 (3.0)

0.6

0.47

 

Any detectable CMV DNA, n (%)

33 (61.1)

32 (48.5)

1.67

1

 

Any detectable HHV-6 DNA, n (%)

4 (7.4)

3 (6.0)

1.24

0.17

 

Any detectable HHV-7 DNA, n (%)

4 (8.0)

4 (7.6)

1.07

1

 

Any detectable HHV-8 DNA, n (%)

2 (3.7)

1 (1.5)

2.5

1

 

Number of male partners past 4 weeks (>9), n (%)

7 (17.5)

7 (13.8)

1.33

0.77

 

Any unprotected anal sex acts past 4 weeks, n (%)

10 (18.5)

11 (16.9)

1.12

1

 

Any Illicit drug use other than marijuana, n (%)

20 (37.7)

21 (32.8)

1.24

0.58

 
  1. Legend: n (%): number (percentage) of participants, OR odds ratio, IQR interquartile range, 95 % CI 95 % confidence intervals, HIV Human immunodeficiency virus, ART antiretroviral therapy, HR HPV high risk human papillomavirus, HHV human herpesviruses, CMV cytomegalovirus, EBV Epstein-Barr virus, HSV-1 and -2 Herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2, HHV-6/-7/-8 human herpes virus type 6/type 7/type 8, in bold significant p-values (P ≤ 0.1). Column under HR HPV+ is for each Factor the N (%) with HR HPV or in continuous the mean (95 % CI) of the Factor in those with HR HPV