| |
Carriers (n = 192)
|
Non-carriers (n = 231)
|
Crude OR (95 % CI)
|
OR (95 % CI)a
|
|---|
| |
n (%)
|
n (%)
| | |
|---|
|
Age
|
|
<10
|
93 (48.4)
|
83 (35.9)
|
1 (reference)
|
1 (reference)
|
|
10–14
|
90 (46.9)
|
117 (50.6)
|
0.69 (0.46–1.03)
|
0.69 (0.46–1.04)
|
|
≥15
|
9 (4.7)
|
31 (13.4)
|
0.26 (0.12–0.58)
|
0.25 (0.11–0.56)
|
|
Gender
|
|
Male
|
136 (70.8)
|
164 (71.0)
|
1 (reference)
|
1 (reference)
|
|
Female
|
56 (29.2)
|
67 (29.0)
|
1.01 (0.66–1.54)
|
0.94 (0.61–1.45)
|
|
Siblingsb
|
|
No
|
46 (24.2)
|
54 (23.5)
|
1 (reference)
|
1 (reference)
|
|
Yes
|
144 (75.8)
|
176 (76.5)
|
0.96 (0.61–1.51)
|
0.96 (0.61–1.53)
|
|
Parental smoking habit
|
|
Both non-smokers
|
119 (62.0)
|
157 (68.0)
|
1 (reference)
|
1 (reference)
|
|
At least one smoker
|
73 (38.0)
|
74 (32.0)
|
1.30 (0.87–1.95)
|
1.36 (0.90–2.07)
|
|
Asthma type
|
|
Intermittent
|
40 (20.8)
|
34 (14.7)
|
1 (reference)
|
1 (reference)
|
|
Mild, persistent
|
64 (33.3)
|
80 (34.6)
|
0.68 (0.39–1.19)
|
0.66 (0.37–1.17)
|
|
Moderate, persistent
|
79 (41.1)
|
103 (44.6)
|
0.65 (0.38–1.12)
|
0.67 (0.38–1.18)
|
|
Severe, persistent
|
9 (4.7)
|
14 (6.1)
|
0.55 (0.21–1.42)
|
0.59 (0.22–1.57)
|
|
Systemic corticesteroid therapy (previous 3 mos)b
|
|
No
|
158 (84.0)
|
194 (85.8)
|
1 (reference)
|
1 (reference)
|
|
Yes
|
30 (16.0)
|
32 (14.2)
|
1.15 (0.67–1.98)
|
1.03 (0.59–1.81)
|
|
Antibiotic therapy (previous 3 months)b
|
|
No
|
171 (90.5)
|
184 (81.8)
|
1 (reference)
|
1 (reference)
|
|
Yes
|
18 (9.5)
|
41 (18.2)
|
0.47 (0.26–0.85)
|
0.41 (0.22–0.76)
|
|
Respiratory relapses (previous 3 months)b
|
|
No
|
144 (76.2)
|
159 (70.3)
|
1 (reference)
|
1 (reference)
|
|
Yes
|
45 (23.8)
|
67 (29.7)
|
0.74 (0.48–1.15)
|
0.70 (0.45–1.10)
|
|
Asthma under controlb
|
|
No
|
33 (17.5)
|
54 (23.9)
|
1 (reference)
|
1 (reference)
|
|
Yes
|
156 (82.5)
|
172 (76.1)
|
1.48 (0.91–2.41)
|
1.41 (0.86–2.31)
|
-
aMultivariate model adjusted for age, gender, number of siblings, and parental smoking
-
bSome missing values. 95 % CI: 95 % confidence interval; OR: odds ratio
