Table 2 Association between demographic and clinical characteristics and pneumococcal carriage in children with asthma
Carriers (n = 192) | Non-carriers (n = 231) | Crude OR (95 % CI) | OR (95 % CI)a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | |||
Age | ||||
<10 | 93 (48.4) | 83 (35.9) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
10–14 | 90 (46.9) | 117 (50.6) | 0.69 (0.46–1.03) | 0.69 (0.46–1.04) |
≥15 | 9 (4.7) | 31 (13.4) | 0.26 (0.12–0.58) | 0.25 (0.11–0.56) |
Gender | ||||
Male | 136 (70.8) | 164 (71.0) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
Female | 56 (29.2) | 67 (29.0) | 1.01 (0.66–1.54) | 0.94 (0.61–1.45) |
Siblingsb | ||||
No | 46 (24.2) | 54 (23.5) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
Yes | 144 (75.8) | 176 (76.5) | 0.96 (0.61–1.51) | 0.96 (0.61–1.53) |
Parental smoking habit | ||||
Both non-smokers | 119 (62.0) | 157 (68.0) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
At least one smoker | 73 (38.0) | 74 (32.0) | 1.30 (0.87–1.95) | 1.36 (0.90–2.07) |
Asthma type | ||||
Intermittent | 40 (20.8) | 34 (14.7) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
Mild, persistent | 64 (33.3) | 80 (34.6) | 0.68 (0.39–1.19) | 0.66 (0.37–1.17) |
Moderate, persistent | 79 (41.1) | 103 (44.6) | 0.65 (0.38–1.12) | 0.67 (0.38–1.18) |
Severe, persistent | 9 (4.7) | 14 (6.1) | 0.55 (0.21–1.42) | 0.59 (0.22–1.57) |
Systemic corticesteroid therapy (previous 3 mos)b | ||||
No | 158 (84.0) | 194 (85.8) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
Yes | 30 (16.0) | 32 (14.2) | 1.15 (0.67–1.98) | 1.03 (0.59–1.81) |
Antibiotic therapy (previous 3 months)b | ||||
No | 171 (90.5) | 184 (81.8) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
Yes | 18 (9.5) | 41 (18.2) | 0.47 (0.26–0.85) | 0.41 (0.22–0.76) |
Respiratory relapses (previous 3 months)b | ||||
No | 144 (76.2) | 159 (70.3) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
Yes | 45 (23.8) | 67 (29.7) | 0.74 (0.48–1.15) | 0.70 (0.45–1.10) |
Asthma under controlb | ||||
No | 33 (17.5) | 54 (23.9) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
Yes | 156 (82.5) | 172 (76.1) | 1.48 (0.91–2.41) | 1.41 (0.86–2.31) |