Ciprofloxacin resistance in community- and hospital-acquired Escherichia coli urinary tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Fasugba, Oyebola; Gardner, Anne; Mitchell, Brett G.; Mnatzaganian, George

doi:10.1186/s12879-015-1282-4

Table 1 Description of studies included in meta-analysis

From: Ciprofloxacin resistance in community- and hospital-acquired Escherichia coli urinary tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Study author	Country	Design^a	Setting	Risk of bias	Study duration^b (months)	Number of positive E. coli UTI samples^c	Number of ciprofloxacin resistant E. coli	Proportion resistant (95 % CI)	Standard error	Weight^d (%)
Ahmad, 2012	India	Cross sectional	Community	Unclear	24	318	48	0.15 (0.11, 0.19)	0.02	2.09
Akoachere et al., 2012	Cameroon	Cross sectional	Community	Low	12	43	11	0.26 (0.13, 0.39)	0.07	1.61
Akram et al., 2007	India	Cross sectional	Community	High	12	61	42	0.69 (0.57, 0.80)	0.06	1.70
AlSweih et al., 2005	Kuwait	Cross sectional	Community	High	12	1535	81	0.05 (0.04, 0.06)	0.01	2.15
Al-Tawfiq et al., 2009	Saudi Arabia	Cohort	Community	High	12	2281	592	0.26 (0.24, 0.28)	0.01	2.14
Ansbach et al., 2013	USA	Cross sectional	Community	High	7	98	2	0.02 (−0.01, 0.05)	0.01	2.12
Arabi et al., 2013	Iran	Cross sectional	Community	Low	33	103	23	0.22 (0.14, 0.30)	0.04	1.91
Araujo et al., 2011	Brazil	Cross sectional	Community	Unclear	24	391	36	0.09 (0.06, 0.12)	0.01	2.12
Arslan et al., 2005	Turkey	Cross sectional	Community	Low	5	514	135	0.26 (0.22, 0.30)	0.02	2.09
Astal, 2005	Palestine	Cross sectional	Community	High	6	252	30	0.12 (0.08, 0.16)	0.02	2.09
Azap et al., 2010	Turkey	Cohort	Community	Unclear	12	464	139	0.30 (0.26, 0.34)	0.02	2.08
Bahadin et al., 2011	Singapore	Cross sectional	Community	Unclear	12	90	22	0.24 (0.16, 0.33)	0.05	1.86
Biswas et al., 2006	India	Cross sectional	Community	High	36	354	124	0.35 (0.30, 0.40)	0.03	2.05
Bouchillon et al., 2013	USA	Cross sectional	Community	High	24	723	234	0.32 (0.29, 0.36)	0.02	2.10
Bouchillon et al., 2013	USA	Cross sectional	Hospital	High	24	253	103	0.41 (0.35, 0.47)	0.03	11.83
Dash et al., 2013	India	Cross sectional	Community	Low	30	397	212	0.53 (0.48, 0.58)	0.03	2.05
Dimitrov et al., 2004	Kuwait	Cross sectional	Community	High	84	780	92	0.12 (0.10, 0.14)	0.01	2.13
Farshad et al., 2011	Iran	Cross sectional	Community	Low	12	90	8	0.09 (0.03, 0.15)	0.03	2.01
Ghadiri et al., 2012	Iran	Cross sectional	Hospital	High	24	200	80	0.40 (0.33, 0.47)	0.03	9.41
Gobernado et al., 2007	Spain	Cross sectional	Community	Low	12	2292	418	0.18 (0.17, 0.20)	0.01	2.14
Ho et al., 2010	Hong Kong	Cross sectional	Community	Low	24	271	35	0.13 (0.09, 0.17)	0.02	2.09
Hoban et al., 2011	Multiple countries	Cross sectional	Hospital	High	24	1643	624	0.38 (0.36, 0.40)	0.01	78.76
Ismaili et al., 2011	Belgium	Cohort	Community	High	24	189	5	0.03 (0.00, 0.05)	0.01	2.13
Kashef et al., 2010	Iran	Cross sectional	Community	High	30	578	180	0.31 (0.27, 0.35)	0.02	2.09
Kiffer et al., 2007	Brazil	Cross sectional	Community	Unclear	48	22679	2699	0.12 (0.11, 0.12)	0.002	2.15
Killgore et al., 2004	USA	Case–control	Community	Low	12	120	40	0.33 (0.25, 0.42)	0.04	1.89
Kimando et al., 2010	Kenya	Cross sectional	Community	Unclear	6	92	6	0.07 (0.01, 0.12)	0.03	2.05
Kothari et al., 2008	India	Cross sectional	Community	High	6	361	260	0.72 (0.67, 0.77)	0.02	2.06
Kurutepe et al., 2005	Turkey	NC	Community	High	72	880	174	0.20 (0.17, 0.22)	0.01	2.12
Lau et al., 2004	Taiwan	Cross sectional	Community	Unclear	13	80	14	0.17 (0.09, 0.26)	0.04	1.89
Ljuca et al., 2010	Bosnia & Herzegovina	Cross sectional	Community	High	36	43	4	0.09 (0.01, 0.18)	0.04	1.87
Longhi et al., 2012	Italy	NC	Community	Low	6	154	36	0.23 (0.17, 0.30)	0.03	1.98
Martinez et al., 2012	Colombia	Cross sectional	Community	High	2	102	39	0.38 (0.29, 0.48)	0.05	1.83
Miragliotta et al., 2008	Italy	Cohort	Community	Low	60	2589	422	0.16 (0.15, 0.18)	0.01	2.14
Molina-Lopez et al., 2011	México	Cross sectional	Community	High	48	119	65	0.55 (0.46, 0.64)	0.05	1.86
Moreira et al., 2006	Brazil	Cross sectional	Community	Unclear	15	544	65	0.12 (0.09, 0.15)	0.01	2.12
Murugan et al., 2012	India	Cohort	Community	High	12	204	144	0.71 (0.64, 0.77)	0.03	2.00
Muvunyi et al., 2011	Rwanda	Cross sectional	Community	Low	6	72	23	0.32 (0.21, 0.43)	0.05	1.75
Mwaka et al., 2011	Uganda	Cross sectional	Community	High	NS	27	9	0.33 (0.16, 0.51)	0.09	1.32
Ni Chulain et al., 2005	Ireland	Cross sectional	Community	High	5	723	18	0.02 (0.01, 0.04)	0.01	2.15
Olson et al., 2012	USA	Cross sectional	Community	Unclear	16	95	4	0.04 (0.00, 0.08)	0.02	2.08
Otajevwo, 2013	Nigeria	Cross sectional	Community	High	6	5	4	0.80 (0.45, 1.15)	0.18	0.63
Prakash et al., 2013	India	Cross sectional	Community	Low	NS	23	16	0.70 (0.51, 0.88)	0.10	1.26
Randrianirina et al., 2007	Madagascar	Cross sectional	Community	Low	28	607	100	0.16 (0.14, 0.19)	0.02	2.12
Rani et al., 2011	India	Cross sectional	Community	Unclear	6	208	151	0.73 (0.67, 0.79)	0.03	2.01
Shaifali et al., 2012	India	Cross sectional	Community	Unclear	12	46	28	0.61 (0.47, 0.75)	0.07	1.54
Shariff et al., 2013	India	Cross sectional	Community	High	18	491	160	0.33 (0.28, 0.37)	0.02	2.08
Sire et al., 2007	Senegal	Cross sectional	Community	Low	33	1010	157	0.16 (0.13, 0.18)	0.01	2.13
Sood et al., 2012	India	NC	Community	High	30	214	160	0.75 (0.69, 0.81)	0.03	2.02
Stratchounski et al., 2006	Russia	NC	Community	Low	48	423	18	0.04 (0.02, 0.06)	0.01	2.14
Vellinga et al., 2012	Ireland	Case–control	Community	Low	9	633	78	0.12 (0.10, 0.15)	0.01	2.12
Wang et al., 2014	China	Cross sectional	Community	High	8	129	91	0.71 (0.63, 0.78)	0.04	1.92
Yildirim et al., 2010	Turkey	Cross sectional	Community	Unclear	24	450	85	0.19 (0.15, 0.23)	0.02	2.10
Yolbas et al., 2013	Turkey	Cross sectional	Community	High	12	113	24	0.21 (0.14, 0.29)	0.04	1.93

^aNon-classifiable design
^bNot stated
^cStudy denominator
^dWeights are from random effects analysis using DerSimonian-Laird model

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