Study author
|
Country
|
Designa
|
Setting
|
Risk of bias
|
Study durationb (months)
|
Number of positive E. coli UTI samplesc
|
Number of ciprofloxacin resistant E. coli
|
Proportion resistant (95 % CI)
|
Standard error
|
Weightd (%)
|
---|
Ahmad, 2012
|
India
|
Cross sectional
|
Community
|
Unclear
|
24
|
318
|
48
|
0.15 (0.11, 0.19)
|
0.02
|
2.09
|
Akoachere et al., 2012
|
Cameroon
|
Cross sectional
|
Community
|
Low
|
12
|
43
|
11
|
0.26 (0.13, 0.39)
|
0.07
|
1.61
|
Akram et al., 2007
|
India
|
Cross sectional
|
Community
|
High
|
12
|
61
|
42
|
0.69 (0.57, 0.80)
|
0.06
|
1.70
|
AlSweih et al., 2005
|
Kuwait
|
Cross sectional
|
Community
|
High
|
12
|
1535
|
81
|
0.05 (0.04, 0.06)
|
0.01
|
2.15
|
Al-Tawfiq et al., 2009
|
Saudi Arabia
|
Cohort
|
Community
|
High
|
12
|
2281
|
592
|
0.26 (0.24, 0.28)
|
0.01
|
2.14
|
Ansbach et al., 2013
|
USA
|
Cross sectional
|
Community
|
High
|
7
|
98
|
2
|
0.02 (−0.01, 0.05)
|
0.01
|
2.12
|
Arabi et al., 2013
|
Iran
|
Cross sectional
|
Community
|
Low
|
33
|
103
|
23
|
0.22 (0.14, 0.30)
|
0.04
|
1.91
|
Araujo et al., 2011
|
Brazil
|
Cross sectional
|
Community
|
Unclear
|
24
|
391
|
36
|
0.09 (0.06, 0.12)
|
0.01
|
2.12
|
Arslan et al., 2005
|
Turkey
|
Cross sectional
|
Community
|
Low
|
5
|
514
|
135
|
0.26 (0.22, 0.30)
|
0.02
|
2.09
|
Astal, 2005
|
Palestine
|
Cross sectional
|
Community
|
High
|
6
|
252
|
30
|
0.12 (0.08, 0.16)
|
0.02
|
2.09
|
Azap et al., 2010
|
Turkey
|
Cohort
|
Community
|
Unclear
|
12
|
464
|
139
|
0.30 (0.26, 0.34)
|
0.02
|
2.08
|
Bahadin et al., 2011
|
Singapore
|
Cross sectional
|
Community
|
Unclear
|
12
|
90
|
22
|
0.24 (0.16, 0.33)
|
0.05
|
1.86
|
Biswas et al., 2006
|
India
|
Cross sectional
|
Community
|
High
|
36
|
354
|
124
|
0.35 (0.30, 0.40)
|
0.03
|
2.05
|
Bouchillon et al., 2013
|
USA
|
Cross sectional
|
Community
|
High
|
24
|
723
|
234
|
0.32 (0.29, 0.36)
|
0.02
|
2.10
|
Bouchillon et al., 2013
|
USA
|
Cross sectional
|
Hospital
|
High
|
24
|
253
|
103
|
0.41 (0.35, 0.47)
|
0.03
|
11.83
|
Dash et al., 2013
|
India
|
Cross sectional
|
Community
|
Low
|
30
|
397
|
212
|
0.53 (0.48, 0.58)
|
0.03
|
2.05
|
Dimitrov et al., 2004
|
Kuwait
|
Cross sectional
|
Community
|
High
|
84
|
780
|
92
|
0.12 (0.10, 0.14)
|
0.01
|
2.13
|
Farshad et al., 2011
|
Iran
|
Cross sectional
|
Community
|
Low
|
12
|
90
|
8
|
0.09 (0.03, 0.15)
|
0.03
|
2.01
|
Ghadiri et al., 2012
|
Iran
|
Cross sectional
|
Hospital
|
High
|
24
|
200
|
80
|
0.40 (0.33, 0.47)
|
0.03
|
9.41
|
Gobernado et al., 2007
|
Spain
|
Cross sectional
|
Community
|
Low
|
12
|
2292
|
418
|
0.18 (0.17, 0.20)
|
0.01
|
2.14
|
Ho et al., 2010
|
Hong Kong
|
Cross sectional
|
Community
|
Low
|
24
|
271
|
35
|
0.13 (0.09, 0.17)
|
0.02
|
2.09
|
Hoban et al., 2011
|
Multiple countries
|
Cross sectional
|
Hospital
|
High
|
24
|
1643
|
624
|
0.38 (0.36, 0.40)
|
0.01
|
78.76
|
Ismaili et al., 2011
|
Belgium
|
Cohort
|
Community
|
High
|
24
|
189
|
5
|
0.03 (0.00, 0.05)
|
0.01
|
2.13
|
Kashef et al., 2010
|
Iran
|
Cross sectional
|
Community
|
High
|
30
|
578
|
180
|
0.31 (0.27, 0.35)
|
0.02
|
2.09
|
Kiffer et al., 2007
|
Brazil
|
Cross sectional
|
Community
|
Unclear
|
48
|
22679
|
2699
|
0.12 (0.11, 0.12)
|
0.002
|
2.15
|
Killgore et al., 2004
|
USA
|
Case–control
|
Community
|
Low
|
12
|
120
|
40
|
0.33 (0.25, 0.42)
|
0.04
|
1.89
|
Kimando et al., 2010
|
Kenya
|
Cross sectional
|
Community
|
Unclear
|
6
|
92
|
6
|
0.07 (0.01, 0.12)
|
0.03
|
2.05
|
Kothari et al., 2008
|
India
|
Cross sectional
|
Community
|
High
|
6
|
361
|
260
|
0.72 (0.67, 0.77)
|
0.02
|
2.06
|
Kurutepe et al., 2005
|
Turkey
|
NC
|
Community
|
High
|
72
|
880
|
174
|
0.20 (0.17, 0.22)
|
0.01
|
2.12
|
Lau et al., 2004
|
Taiwan
|
Cross sectional
|
Community
|
Unclear
|
13
|
80
|
14
|
0.17 (0.09, 0.26)
|
0.04
|
1.89
|
Ljuca et al., 2010
|
Bosnia & Herzegovina
|
Cross sectional
|
Community
|
High
|
36
|
43
|
4
|
0.09 (0.01, 0.18)
|
0.04
|
1.87
|
Longhi et al., 2012
|
Italy
|
NC
|
Community
|
Low
|
6
|
154
|
36
|
0.23 (0.17, 0.30)
|
0.03
|
1.98
|
Martinez et al., 2012
|
Colombia
|
Cross sectional
|
Community
|
High
|
2
|
102
|
39
|
0.38 (0.29, 0.48)
|
0.05
|
1.83
|
Miragliotta et al., 2008
|
Italy
|
Cohort
|
Community
|
Low
|
60
|
2589
|
422
|
0.16 (0.15, 0.18)
|
0.01
|
2.14
|
Molina-Lopez et al., 2011
|
México
|
Cross sectional
|
Community
|
High
|
48
|
119
|
65
|
0.55 (0.46, 0.64)
|
0.05
|
1.86
|
Moreira et al., 2006
|
Brazil
|
Cross sectional
|
Community
|
Unclear
|
15
|
544
|
65
|
0.12 (0.09, 0.15)
|
0.01
|
2.12
|
Murugan et al., 2012
|
India
|
Cohort
|
Community
|
High
|
12
|
204
|
144
|
0.71 (0.64, 0.77)
|
0.03
|
2.00
|
Muvunyi et al., 2011
|
Rwanda
|
Cross sectional
|
Community
|
Low
|
6
|
72
|
23
|
0.32 (0.21, 0.43)
|
0.05
|
1.75
|
Mwaka et al., 2011
|
Uganda
|
Cross sectional
|
Community
|
High
|
NS
|
27
|
9
|
0.33 (0.16, 0.51)
|
0.09
|
1.32
|
Ni Chulain et al., 2005
|
Ireland
|
Cross sectional
|
Community
|
High
|
5
|
723
|
18
|
0.02 (0.01, 0.04)
|
0.01
|
2.15
|
Olson et al., 2012
|
USA
|
Cross sectional
|
Community
|
Unclear
|
16
|
95
|
4
|
0.04 (0.00, 0.08)
|
0.02
|
2.08
|
Otajevwo, 2013
|
Nigeria
|
Cross sectional
|
Community
|
High
|
6
|
5
|
4
|
0.80 (0.45, 1.15)
|
0.18
|
0.63
|
Prakash et al., 2013
|
India
|
Cross sectional
|
Community
|
Low
|
NS
|
23
|
16
|
0.70 (0.51, 0.88)
|
0.10
|
1.26
|
Randrianirina et al., 2007
|
Madagascar
|
Cross sectional
|
Community
|
Low
|
28
|
607
|
100
|
0.16 (0.14, 0.19)
|
0.02
|
2.12
|
Rani et al., 2011
|
India
|
Cross sectional
|
Community
|
Unclear
|
6
|
208
|
151
|
0.73 (0.67, 0.79)
|
0.03
|
2.01
|
Shaifali et al., 2012
|
India
|
Cross sectional
|
Community
|
Unclear
|
12
|
46
|
28
|
0.61 (0.47, 0.75)
|
0.07
|
1.54
|
Shariff et al., 2013
|
India
|
Cross sectional
|
Community
|
High
|
18
|
491
|
160
|
0.33 (0.28, 0.37)
|
0.02
|
2.08
|
Sire et al., 2007
|
Senegal
|
Cross sectional
|
Community
|
Low
|
33
|
1010
|
157
|
0.16 (0.13, 0.18)
|
0.01
|
2.13
|
Sood et al., 2012
|
India
|
NC
|
Community
|
High
|
30
|
214
|
160
|
0.75 (0.69, 0.81)
|
0.03
|
2.02
|
Stratchounski et al., 2006
|
Russia
|
NC
|
Community
|
Low
|
48
|
423
|
18
|
0.04 (0.02, 0.06)
|
0.01
|
2.14
|
Vellinga et al., 2012
|
Ireland
|
Case–control
|
Community
|
Low
|
9
|
633
|
78
|
0.12 (0.10, 0.15)
|
0.01
|
2.12
|
Wang et al., 2014
|
China
|
Cross sectional
|
Community
|
High
|
8
|
129
|
91
|
0.71 (0.63, 0.78)
|
0.04
|
1.92
|
Yildirim et al., 2010
|
Turkey
|
Cross sectional
|
Community
|
Unclear
|
24
|
450
|
85
|
0.19 (0.15, 0.23)
|
0.02
|
2.10
|
Yolbas et al., 2013
|
Turkey
|
Cross sectional
|
Community
|
High
|
12
|
113
|
24
|
0.21 (0.14, 0.29)
|
0.04
|
1.93
|
-
aNon-classifiable design
-
bNot stated
-
cStudy denominator
-
dWeights are from random effects analysis using DerSimonian-Laird model