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Table 1 Study design and characteristics of the study population among 20 studies included in the systematic review

From: A systematic review of syphilis serological treatment outcomes in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected persons: rethinking the significance of serological non-responsiveness and the serofast state after therapy

First author

Study design

Study time period

Study location

Number of study subjects

Study population

Male sex (%)

Men who have sex with men (%)

HIV prevalence (%)

Primary syphilis (%)

Secondary syphilis (%)

Early latent syphilis (%)

Late latent syphilis (%)

Tertiary or neuro-syphilis (%)

Dionne-Odom

R cohort

2002–2008

Lusaka, Zambia and Kigali, Rwanda

1321

HIV-serodiscordant couples

40

NR

70.6

NR

NR

NR

Fiumara

R cohort

NR

Boston, Massachusetts (US)

128

University hospitals

64

NR

NR

0

0

0

100

NR

Ghanem (2007) [23]

R cohort

1992–2000

Baltimore, Maryland (US)

297

STD clinic

44

NR

43.4

62.6

37.4

0

Ghanema (2008) [24]

R cohort

1990–2006

Baltimore, Maryland (US)

180

University HIV clinic

67.2

NR

100

26.8b

55.4b

17.8b

Goemenb

P cohort

NR

Kinshasa, Zaire

193

Women’s health center

0

0

37

NR

NR

NR

Jinno

R cohort

2006–2011

Los Angeles, California (US)

560

Urban HIV clinics

99

96.7

100

14

26

60

0

0

Knautec

R cohort

1999–2008

Zurich, Switzerland

264

University and general hospitals

92

NR

42

34

50

13d

3

Li

R cohort

2000–2010

Beijing, China

501

University hospital

50.9

NR

0

17.4

51.1

31.5

0

0

Longe

P cohort

2003

Lima, Peru

96

Neighborhood venues

NR

NR

15.6

NR

NR

NR

Malonef

R cohort

1985–1991

San Diego, California (US)

100

Naval Medical Center

99e

NR

100

3.6

16.1

17.9

53.6

8.9

Manavig

P cohort

2003–2005

Birmingham UK

261

STD clinics

76f

38.3

38.3

0

0

100

0

0.4

Reidner

P RCT

2000–2003

Myeba Region, Tanzania

328

High risk populations

28.4

NR

52.1

7.6

0

92.8

0

0

Rolfs

P RCT

1991–1994

NR

541

NR

70.8

12.8

18.7

25.7

46.8

27.5

0

HIV+: 61 %

HIV-: 40 %

Romanowski

R cohort

1981–1987

Alberta, Canada

882

Provincial public health records

17

21.1

NR

68.3

18.3

4.3

0

NR

Seña

P RCT

2000–2009

Birmingham New Orleans, Los Angeles, Baltimore, Durham, Raleigh, Indianapolis, (US); Antana-narivo Tamatave, Madagascar

465

STD clinics

61.7

3.0

0

24.7

46.9

28.4

0

0

Tittesh

R cohort

1987–2010

Vienna, Austria

249

University STD-outpatient clinic

83.1

 

31.7

26.1

73.9

0

0

0

Tong

R cohort

2005–2010

Xiamen, China

1327

University hospital

58.9

NR

0

22.0

27.1

31.4i

19.5d

Tsai

R cohort

2007–2013

Taiwan

394

HIV care hospitals

100

94.9

100

8.9

55.3

35.8

0

0

Wuj

P cohort

2009–2013

Taiwan

174

University hospital

99.7

97.0

100

17.6

53.7

28.7

0

0

Yang

P cohort

2007–2012

Taiwan

573

HIV care hospitals

NR

94.1

100

8.9

57.8

33.3

0

0

  1. R retrospective, P prospective, RCT randomized controlled trial, NR not reported
  2. a Demographics and serological outcome data were reported for 180 patients; however, syphilis stages were reported for 231 cases of syphilis
  3. b Demographics were reported for 193 patients; however, serological outcome data were reported for 120 patients
  4. c Demographics and syphilis stages were reported for 264 patients; however, serological outcome data were reported for 214 patients
  5. d This value is the total percentage of latent syphilis patients. This study did not distinguish between early latent and late latent patients
  6. e Demographics were reported for 96 patients; however, serological outcome data were reported for 76 patients
  7. f Demographics and syphilis stages were reported for 100 patients; however, serological outcome data were reported for 56 patients
  8. g Demographics and syphilis stages were reported for 371 patients; however, serological outcome data were reported for 261 patients
  9. h Demographics and syphilis stages were reported for 379 patients; however, serological outcome data were reported for 249 patients
  10. i This value is the total percentage of latent syphilis patients. This study did not distinguish between early latent and late latent patients
  11. j Demographics and syphilis stages were reported for 296 patients; however, serological outcome data were reported for 174 patients