Table 2 Initial antibiotics selected based on Gram stain results and on the Japanese guidelines
From: Gram-stain-based antimicrobial selection reduces cost and overuse compared with Japanese guidelines
Gram stain | Guidelines | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Narrow spectrum | N = 167 | N = 44 | 0.0000* |
Ampicillin | 12 | 0 | |
Ampicillin/sulbactum | 22 | 20 | |
Cefazolin | 48 | 17 | |
Cefotiam | 85 | 7 | |
Intermediate spectrum | N = 40 | N = 77 | 0.0000* |
Cefmeatazole | 3 | 0 | |
Flomoxef | 0 | 23 | |
Cefotaxime | 10 | 2 | |
Ceftriaxone | 18 | 24 | |
Ceftazidime | 3 | 27 | |
Aztreonam | 1 | 0 | |
Clindamycin | 5 | 0 | |
Ciprofloxacin | 0 | 1 | |
Broad spectrum | N = 10 | N = 93 | 0.0000* |
Piperacillin/tazobactum | 0 | 27 | |
Cefepime | 0 | 1 | |
Imipenem/cilastatin | 3 | 9 | |
Meropenem | 4 | 35 | |
Doripenem | 0 | 8 | |
Biapenem | 0 | 7 | |
Vancomycin | 3 | 6 |