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Table 4 Rates of bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (SARI program – lytA-positive) and invasive pneumococcal pneumonia (GERMS program – culture-positive) among HIV-uninfected children <2 years of age hospitalized at Chris Hani-Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto, South Africa, 2009–2012.

From: Assessing the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on invasive pneumococcal disease using polymerase chain reaction-based surveillance: an experience from South Africa

PCV serotypes

Hospitalization rates per 100,000 person-years

Relative difference in hospitalization rates

2009

2011

2012

2009 to 2011

2009 to 2012

Rate (95 % CI)

Rate (95 % CI)

Rate (95 % CI)

% (95 % CI)

p

% (95 % CI)

p

Any lytA-positive (SARI program)

 PCV-7

125.1 (93.7–163.6)

23.9 (11.9–42.8)

45.2 (28.0–69.1)

−80.9 (−90.9 to −62.9)

<0.001

−63.8 (−79.3 to −39.1)

<0.001

 PCV-13

37.8 (21.6–61.3)

15.2 (6.1–31.3)

34.4 (19.7–55.9)

−59.7 (−85.9 to +3.4)

0.067

+8.8 (−94.8 to +57.3)

0.796

 NVT

273.7 (226.2–328.3)

47.8 (30.0–72.4)

77.5 (54.3–107.3)

− 82.5 (−89.4 to −72.3)

<0.001

−71.7 (−81.1 to −58.5)

<0.001

 All

436.6 (375.9–504.2)

86.9 (62.1–118.3)

157.1 (123.2–197.6)

−80.1 (−86.2 to −71.8)

<0.001

−64.0 (−72.9 to −52.6)

<0.001

Culture-positive (GERMS program)

 PCV-7

77.9 (53.6–109.3)

13.0 (4.8–28.4)

6.5 (1.3–18.9)

−83.2 (−94.2 to – 59.5)

<0.001

−91.7 (−98.4 to −73.6)

<0.001

 PCV-13

23.6 (11.3–43.4)

17.4 (7.5–34.2)

8.6 (2.3–22.1)

−26.3 (−74.7 to +107.3)

0.529

−63.5 (−91.6 to +26.5)

0.084

 NVT

28.3 (14.6–49.5)

28.2 (15.0–48.3)

28.0 (14.9–47.8)

−0.2 (−58.0 to +139.2)

0.993

+1.2 (−96.7 to +58.4)

0.974

 All

129.8 (97.8–168.9)

58.6 (38.7–85.3)

43.1 (26.3–66.5)

−54.8 (−72.6 to −27.1)

<0.001

−66.8 (−81.2 to −43.8)

<0.001

  1. Abbreviations: PCV-7: 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine serotypes (included serotypes/serogroups 4, 6A/B, 9A/V/L/N, 14, 18A/B/C, 19B/F, 23 F for lyA-positive samples and 4, 6A/B, 9 V, 14, 18C, 19 F, 23 F for culture-positive samples); PCV-13: additional 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine serotypes (included serotypes/serogroups 1, 3, 5, 7A/F, 19A for lyA-positive samples and 1, 3, 5, 7 F, 19A for culture-positive samples); NVT: serotypes/serogroups not included in PCV-7 or PCV-13, including samples that tested negative for the 42 serotypes detected by the serotyping assay for lytA-positive samples